Gi-ays River, Elokomin River, Lewis River, 

 Washougal River, Abernathy Creek, Big Creek, 

 and Hamilton Creek. 



Abundance. — The last year of high pro- 

 duction of chum salmon was 1942, when 

 600,000 fish, or 2.3 million kg., were processed. 

 The highest production (3.9 million kg.) was 

 in 1928, and the lowest (3,000 kg.) was in 

 1965. The future of chum salmon in the Co- 

 lumbia River is in doubt, inasmuch as runs 

 have continued to decline. Some of the spawn- 

 ing areas were inundated by the construction 

 of Bonneville Dam. In other localities, silta- 

 tion caused by deforestation and by the flushing 

 of logs down the channels of streams has de- 

 stroyed spawning areas. 



Future of the chum salmon runs. — Com- 

 mercial production, although not necessarily 

 reflecting actual abundance, is the only record 

 we have. This record indicates that the runs 

 suffered a sharp decline in 1944. In 1957, 

 the fishery was curtailed to encourage recov- 

 ery. Unfortunately, the reduced fishing has 

 not resulted in the expected increase in the 

 number of spawners in the Columbia River. 

 This decline is in common with that of other 

 stocks of chum salmon from Oregon to Alaska. 

 Accordingly, this run will probably be too small 

 for commercial harvesting in the foreseeable 

 future. 



LITERATURE CITED 



(References are numbered to facilitate citation in 

 tables.) 



1. BRYANT, FLOYD G. 



1949. A survey of the Columbia River 

 and its tributaries with special ref- 

 erence to the management of its 

 fishery resources. Part 2. Wash- 

 ington streams from the mouth of 

 the Columbia River to and includ- 

 ing the Klickitat River (Area I). 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. 

 Rep. 62, 110 pp. 



2. BRYANT, FLOYD G., and 



ZELL E. PARKHURST. 



1950. Survey of the Columbia River 

 and its tributaries. — Part IV Wash- 

 ington streams from the Klickitat 

 and Snake Rivers to Grand Coulee 



Dam, with notes on the Columbia 

 and its tributaries above Grand 

 Coulee Dam, (Area III). U.S. Fish 

 Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 

 37, 108 pp. 



3. BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL 



FISHERIES. 

 1960. Review report, Columbia River 

 Fisheiy Development Program. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Bur. Com- 

 mer. Fish., Portland, Oreg., vol. 1, 

 33 pp., vol. 2, append. A-I, 149 pp. 

 [Processed.] 



4. CHAPMAN, WILBERT McLEOD. 



1941. Observations on the migration 

 of salmonid fishes in the upper Co- 

 lumbia River. Copeia 1941 (4) : 

 240-242. 



5. COLUMBIA BASIN INTERAGENCY 



COMMITTEE. 



1957. Columbia River Basin Fishery 

 Program — Part 2, Inventory of 

 streams and proposed improve- 

 ments for development of the fish- 

 ery resources limited to tributaries 

 above McNary Dam. Columbia 

 Basin Interagency Comm., Fish. 

 Steering Comm., Portland, Oreg., 

 100 pp. [Processed.] 



6. CRADDOCK, DONOVAN R. 



1958. Spawning escapement of Oka- 

 nogan River blueback salmon 

 {OncorhyncMis nerka) , 1957. U.S. 

 Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 275, 8 pp. 



7. CRADDOCK, DONOVAN R., and 



NORMAN B. PARKS. 

 1962. Spawning escapement of Co- 

 lumbia River blueback salmon (0. 

 nerka), 1961. U.S. Fish Wildl. 

 Serv., Bur. Commer. Fish., Seattle, 

 Wash., 17 pp. [Processed.] 



8. CRAIG, JOSEPH H., and 



ROBERT L. HACKER. 

 1940. The history and development of 

 the fisheries of the Columbia River. 

 U.S. Bur. Fish., Bull. 49: 133-216. 



9. EVERMANN, BARTON W. 



1896a. A preliminary report upon 

 salmon investigations in Idaho in 

 1894. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 15: 

 253-284. (Doc. 301.) 



84 



