were most active when meals were being served 

 on board ship. 



The number of birds associated with each of 

 several categories of water surface salinity, 

 surface temperature, air temperature, wind 

 speed, and wind direction, suggests associations 

 between certain species and certain environ- 

 mental conditions. Albatrosses and Leach's 

 Storm Petrels were most abundant at low air 

 and water temperatures. Wedge-tailed Shear- 

 waters were most abundant at a water temper- 

 ature of 25° C. (light-phase) or 27° C. (dark- 

 phase); Juan Fernandez and Black-winged 

 Petrels increased in abundance as air and 

 water became warmer. Sooty Terns were most 

 abundant between 23° and 27° C. air and water 

 temperatures. Data on sea bird numbers at 

 various wind speeds, wind directions, and sur- 

 face salinities showed only weak associations, 

 suggesting that these environmental influences 

 do not play a significant role in delimiting sea 

 bird distribution in the study area. 



The composition, size, and distribution of 893 

 flocks were analyzed. Seventy percent of all 

 birds observed were seen in flocks. Sooty 

 Terns had the strongest flocking tendency. 

 Ninety-three percent of all Sooty Terns were in 

 flocks, and 76 percent of all flocks contained 

 Sooty Terns. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



Personnel of the Bureau of Commercial Fish- 

 eries who were involved in the Pilot Study of 

 the TWZOP (Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Program) gave support to this bird observation 

 program either directly or indirectly: John C. 

 Marr, Hawaii Area Director; Gunter R. Seckel, 

 in charge of the TWZOP and his assistants, the 

 scientists and technicians on each cruise; and 

 Captain of the Townsend Cromwell Robert E. K. 

 D. Lee and his officers and crew, many of whom 

 helped observe. 



The following Pacific Ocean Biological Survey 

 Program personnel made observations during 

 cruises (number of cruises in parentheses): 

 David A. Bratley (2), Roger B. Clapp (3), 

 Patrick J. Gould (1), J. Vincent Hoeman (1), 

 Dayle N. Husted (6), Warren B. King (12), 

 Robert A. Sundell (1), and Paul W. Woodward 

 (1). Thanks largely to their efforts, the records 

 collected during the study remained at a con- 

 sistently high level of accuracy and compara- 

 bility. Charles A. Ely, Field Director of POBSP 

 1964-65, made it possible for me to have a part 



in the study, and Anne Keenan Poulson pre- 

 pared the many figures in this report. Rich- 

 ard N. Uchida and Richard L. Zusi read the 

 manuscript. 



LITERATURE CITED 



ASHMOLE, N. PHILIP. 



1963. Molt and breeding in populations of the 

 Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata . Yale Peabody 

 Mus. Postilla 76: 1-18. 

 CAUM, EDWARD L. 



1936. Notes on the flora and fauna of Lehua 

 and Kaula Islands. Bernice P. Bishop 

 Mus. Occas. Pap. 11(21), 17 pp. 

 CHARNELL, ROBERT L., DAVID W. K. AU, and 

 GUNTER R. SECKEL. 



1967a. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study Part 1: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 1, 2, and 3 February to April 

 1964. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. 

 Rep. Fish, 552, v + 75 pp. 



1967b. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study Part II: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 4, 5, and 6 May to July 1964. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 553, v + 78 pp. 



1967c. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study Part III: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 8, 9, and 10 September to No- 

 vember 1964. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 554, v + 78 pp. 



1967d. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study Part IV: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 11, 12, and 13 December 1964 to 

 February 1965. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 555, v + 78 pp. 



1967e. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study Part V: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 14 and 15 March and April 1965. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.. Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 556, iv + 54 pp. 



1967f. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study Part VI: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 16, 17, and 21 May and June 1965 

 and January 1966. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 557, iv + 59 pp. 

 CLAPP, ROGER B., and PAUL W.WOODWARD. 



1968. New records of birds from the Hawai- 

 ian Leeward Islands. Proc. U.S. Nat. 

 Mus. 3640, 39 pp. 

 GOULD, PATRICK J. 



1967. Nocturnal feeding of Sterna fuscata 

 and Puffinus pacificus . Condor 69: 529. 



107 



