is 6 / 10 ii 26o The neural and haemal spines have the form of spines 

 rather than of flat plateso Both the neural and haemal projections are 

 narrow and their length does not exceed that required to support the 

 immediately preceding neural and haenml spines,. The form of the ver- 

 tebrae is conspicuously different from that of the fishes of the family 

 Istiophoridae o 



The dorsal surfaces are dark blue with a brownish casto The 

 ventral surfaces are white and rather yellowisho All of the fins are 

 dark blue in colore The flesh is a pale pinko 



This species is widely distributed throughout the warm seas of 

 the wo rid o 



IIIo FISHEIRY 



Among the fisheries which have the tunas and spearfishes as their 

 objectj net fishing with gill nets and encircling nets and hook and line 

 fishing with trolling lines^, poles and linesj, and longlines are carried 

 ono Another special type of fishing which is earned on is that using 

 the harpoono Each of these types of fishery has its special charac- 

 teristics, and each has an important significance in one area or another^ 

 Among themj however » the longline fishery can be considered the most 

 importantj, both in terms of the scale on which it is prosecuted and its 

 widespread charactero 



A description of the gear and methods employed in each of these 

 fisheries is not the objective of the author in the present bookj, so 

 it will be omitted^ and the discussion will be limited to a description 

 of the characteristics and various problems of the longline fishery as 

 representative of the tuna fisheries o 



Bo Characteristics 



When a general comparison is made between the so-called surface 

 fisheries J which have the tunas and bonitos as their object, 'and the 

 bottom fisheries J it is apparent that there are a number of marked 

 differences between the twOp although they are spoken of inclusively 

 as the deep sea fisherieSo 



In the first place j, they differ as to the type of enterprise 

 which operates in themj hitherto the surface fisheries have been 

 chiefly prosecuted by individual entrepreneurs with comparatively 

 small capitals while the bottom fisheries have been carried on 

 almost entirely by corporations with large capitalo 



The second point of difference is in fishing gear and methodSo 

 In the surface fisheries hook and line gear is of primary importance^ 

 while net fishing is the principal method employed in the bottom 

 f isherieso 



68 



