Hauling ground An area, usually near a rook- 

 ery, on which nonbreeding seals congre- 

 gate. See rookery. 



Haul out The act of seals moving from the 

 sea to a rookery or hauling ground on 

 shore. 



Known-age Refers to a seal whose age is 

 known because the animal bears an in- 

 scribed tag or has a certain combination 

 of tag-scar and checkmark. 



Lost-tag Refers to a seal known to have been 

 tagged as a pup because it bears a check- 

 mark. 



Lost-tag-to-tag ratio The number of seals 

 that have lost tags as compared with the 

 number retaining tags. 



Male kill That part of the annual harvest 

 devoted principally to the kill of male 

 seals, usually in late June, in July, and in 

 early August. See female kill. 



Male seals, adult Class 1 Shoreline -- Full- 

 grown males about age 10 and older with- 

 out females but apparently with established 

 territories at the high-tide mark. 

 Class Z Territorial without females -- Full- 

 grown males about age 10 and older with- 

 out females but with established terri- 

 tories on the rookery. 

 Class 3 Territorial with females -- Full- 

 grown males about age 10 and older with 

 fennales and established territories on the 

 rookery. 

 Class 4 Back fringe -- Full-grownand partly 

 grown males about age 7 and older with- 

 out females and territories that are along 

 the inland fringe of the rookery. 

 Class 5 Hauling ground -- Full-grown and 

 partly grown males about age 7 and older 

 without females that are on traditional 

 hauling grounds. 



Mane Long, silver-colored guard hairs on the 

 shoulders and on back of the neck--a 



secondary sex characteristic of males. 

 The mane appears on some males at age 

 5, on most at age 6, and on all at age 7, 



Mark Examples of marks are a tag, the tip 

 of a digit froni a hind flipper removed, a 

 V-notch cut into the leading edge of a 

 front flipper near the tip, or the tip of a 

 front flipper sliced off. When applied to 

 seals in conjunction with tags, marks 

 made by removing part of a flipper are 

 considered checkmarks. See checkmark 

 and lost-tag. 



Marked-to-unmarked ratio The number of 

 marked seals compared with the number 

 of unmarked seals. 



Pregnancy rate Percentage of females that 

 were carrying or had borne pups in the 

 year of examination. 



Rookery An area on which breeding seals con- 

 gregate. 



Round The sequence in which hauling grounds 

 on St. Paul Island are visited to harvest 

 seals. When used, a circuit or round of 

 the hauling grounds is completed in5 days 

 and the procedure is repeated throughout 

 the kill of males. The mean round of the 

 kill is calculated by multiplying the round 

 number by the number killed in that round 

 and dividing the cumulative product by the 

 cumulative kill. 



Roundup The act of surrounding and collecting 

 seals to be driven for harvesting, tagging, 

 or other purposes. 



Tagged Refers to a seal with an inscribed 

 metal tag or tags attached to one or more 

 of its flippers. 



Tag recoveries includes seals that were 

 given tags or other marks, and seals 

 identified from checkmarks as having lost 

 their tags. See checkmark, n-iark, lost 

 tag, and tagged. 



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