T°C 



c 



TO-59-2 



94* 93* 



Figure 22.-- Vertical distributions of properties on cruise TO-59-2, along section A-A (see fig, 20); depth scale in m. 



path (i.e., the western flank or shoulder of 

 the ridge). 



This explains the longitude but not the 

 latitude of the cold area: it does not explain 

 why the coldest surface area usually lies 

 in the offshore section of the wind's path 

 instead of inshore, where wind stress is 

 greatest (Roden 1961, see footnote 2). No 

 explanation can be given with confidence. The 

 one suggested in the section on TO- 58-1 

 is that there is an additional cause of upward 

 transfer of cool water, namely local diver- 

 gence; there is some evidence that this might 

 occur in the general area of the cold center, 

 but no such evidence is available for part 3 

 of TO- 58-2, when upward transfer was par- 

 ticularly noticeable. Another possibility, men- 

 tioned in the section on TO-59-2, is that the 

 offshore cold center is the location of the 

 highest point of the original topography and 

 therefore more subject to wind- stirring than 

 the more inshore waters, notwithstanding the 

 greater wind stress in the inshore waters; 

 this idea is suggested by figure 23A, and by 

 Brandhorst's figure 9 which shows the ther- 

 mocline top much closer to the surface at 



its highest point than in any figures in this 

 paper, at an offshore station. Two other 

 suggestions that have been made are: (a) the 

 inshore cold area tends to be obliterated by 

 entry of warm water from east or west, in 

 the way suggested in "Previous oceanographic 

 information"; and (b) the waves that accom- 

 plish much of the wind- stirring may be better 

 developed offshore than inshore, because of 

 greater fetch. 



If the considerable destratification at sta- 

 tion 11 in figure 12C could be ascribed to 

 wind-induced divergence it would be correct 

 to speak of it as upwelling (Cromwell, 1958; 

 Austin, 1960). It cannot confidently be said 

 that there is such divergence, in the above- 

 mentioned situation or in any other described 

 in this paper; moreover, most temperature 

 profiles in the region of the cold center show 

 a fairly well-developed thermocline: there- 

 fore all such situations are regarded as 

 examples of "vertical mixing and stirring" 

 in the sense of Cromwell (1958). It is possible, 

 as mentioned in the interpretation of data for 

 cruise TO-58-2, that some of the mixing 

 was energized from sources other than wind. 



26 



