this down by sexes, 83 percent of the females and 95 percent of the males 

 survived. Table 2 shows that only 68 percent of the shad carried to 

 Columbia survived the trip. The females had a l|6-percent survival and the 

 males a 75-percent survival <, The increased hauling distance exerted a 

 greater effect on the mortality of the females than on that of the males » 



Disregarding the haul made April 2U5 1,66? shad were hauled, of 

 which IjiyS survived to be planted at the two locations o This represents 

 a 71-percent survival, which was influenced by the high survival rate of 

 the males o ViTe intended to stock an equal number of males and females, but 

 during the 1952 shad-fishing season the net caught a higher proportion of 

 males a As a result, U78 females and 1,189 males were hauled. Had an equal 

 number of both sexes been available, we probably would have obtained a 

 lower survival rate. 



We have observed that shad confined in large tanks appear to 

 carry on normal respiration by swimming with the gill covers extended^ 

 Under certain conditions of confinement the shad will obtain oxygen by 

 pumping water through its gills like many other species of fish. The haul- 

 ing tanks used in this experiment were too small to allow for normal 

 respiratory movement and therefore the shad had to respire by pumping water 

 through their gills o 



The shad were often in distress by the time we reached the stock- 

 ing point. This was especially true of those that were carried to Columbia , 

 Pennsylvania, where mortality after hauling was greatest. Sykes (1951) 

 transported adult shad in a larger tank for a greater distance, and obtained 

 a higher survival rate than obtained in this experiment. The better sur- 

 vival rates reported by Sykes were probably due to the fact that a larger 

 hauling tank was used. We believe that adult shad could be hauled more 

 sucv^essfully in a hauling tank that would allow the shad to respire normally. 

 This could be accomplished by using a tank in which the vrater could be cir- 

 culated to form a current. The shad could then orient themselves in this 

 current and respire normally. Another possibility is a large elliptical 

 tank in vrtuch the shad could swim around its perimeter. This would elimi- 

 nate the necessity of creating a current. 



No significant correlation could be found between the temperature 

 in the hauling tanks and the survival rate upon arrival at either of the 

 two stocking locations . 



Recoveries of Shad Planted Above the Dams 



The total number of tags returned from the shad planted above the 

 dams is shown in table 3» Of the 217 shad planted above Conowingo Dam, UO 

 (25 males and l5 females) were recovered alive in the 1952 commercial fish- 

 ery at the head of Chesapeake Bay. There were 27 live shad (2U males and 

 3 females) recovered from the 9U8 planted above Safe Harbor Dam. All except 

 one of these were taken by the commercial fishery in Maryland, It is 



