distribution. 



PINRO expeditions that carried out research in the Barents Sea from 1935 to 1941 studied 

 the relationship of herring to the different plankton complexes . It was proven that the distribution 

 of schools of herring and other pelagic fish in the sea and the times of their approach to certain 

 regions depend, to a great extent, on the time of the plankton production. 



Somewhat earlier, the British scientists. Hardy, Savage and Wimpenny (42), Savage (38,39, 

 41), and Savage and Hardy (47), who studied the North Sea herring, had studied the relationships 

 between plankton and herring. 



When counting the number of herring caught in regions with various plankton complexes, 

 they came to the conclusion that "blooming" has a negative or adverse effect upon herring schools; 

 but that concentrations of Calanus finmarchicus are favorable for herring. Hardy, Lucas, Hender- 

 son and Fraser (36) also established that at certain times the positive relationship between plankton 

 and herring is interrupted and assumes a negative nature. They furnished no explanation for this 

 phenomenon; for they lacked the data on the seasonal changes of plankton in relation to hydrological 

 and meteorological conditions . 



In recent years, works were published in foreign countries (44, 45, 47) in which plankton was 

 regarded as an indicator of waters of various origins . 



It is a matter for regret that nothing was said in the latest works of Norwegian and English 

 scientists about the role of plankton in the life of the herring. 



Soviet scientists approached this problem in a different way: their investigations dealt with 

 a wide range of problems (seasonal changes in phyto plankton and zooplankton, the feeding and feit- 

 ness of herrings, changes in the hydrological regime or cycle, etc.). 



The works of N. V. Pchelkina (28,29), T. N. Mosentsova (25, 26), B. P. Manteyfel' (18, 19) 

 and G. V. Boldovskiy deal in detail with the relationship of herring to the various plankton com- 

 plexes in the Barents Sea . 



It was established that there is not always a direct relationship between the concentrations 

 of zooplankton and herring. For instance, in August, an inverse relationship was observed between 

 herring concentrations and Calanus finmarchicus . But, in September and October, C. finmarchicus 

 has no influence upon the distribution of herring; for its quantity in the upper water strata has been 

 reduced considerably and the herring, having stored sufficient fat, almost cease to feed. 



A. P. Kusmorskaya (13, 14, 15) carried out interesting work in connection with the influence 

 of sardines upon the distribution of plankton in the Sea of Japan. She, i.e. Kusmorskaya, came to 

 the conclusion that in those years when the sardines met with favorable feeding conditions in the 

 open sea their approach to the shores was delayed . When feeding, the sardines tarry in one region 

 or another. This depends on the quantity of feed they encounter and on favorable temperature con- 

 ditions (15). 



M. S. Kun(ll,12), I. M. Meshcheriakova (24), V. T. Bogayevskiy (1), K. I. Panin, co- 

 workers in TINRO (Pacific Fisheries Research Institute) carried out analogous research in Far 

 Eastern seas. These authors also noted that the feeding migrations and the feeding periods of pel- 

 agic fish were related to the seasonal plankton changes . 



The plankton of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas has been studied to a considerably lesser 



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