In September a sample taken at the outer end 

 of the United States Engineer's dock showed an oxy- 

 gen saturation of 72 percent, a chloride content of 

 23. 2 p. p. m. , and a turbidity of 10 p. p. m. This 

 was found after a 2-day "blow" had mixed the har- 

 bor water well. 



The conditions found in the Cuyahoga River 

 and Cleveland Harbor, together with those found in 

 the Maumee River at Toledo, were the worst found 

 on the lake. Critical conditions were found to ex- 

 tend from the river to the breakwall. In the river 

 the carbon dioxide alone, 21 p.p. m. in July, would 

 have caused the death of fish without the added 

 help of the oxygen shortage. In the relatively short 

 distance of 2, 000 yards, however, the polluted 

 water was out of the critical stage and well on its 

 way to normality. On the other hand, the flow of 

 water is to the northeast at Cleveland; consequently, 

 these wastes from the river are carried easterly through 

 the harbor. In August and September conditions were 

 bad at East Ninth Street, a distance of about 1 mile 

 from the river mouth, but they were much improved 

 over river conditions. The further addition of wastes 

 all along the shore to the east of the Cuyahoga River 

 makes the extent of Cleveland's pollution possibly 

 the greatest on the lake. As a result of this, even 

 though the harmful substances do not get far out into 

 the lake, they do affect the water for probably 10 

 miles along the shore. 



The wastes from Cleveland contain chemicals 

 of various kinds because of the variety of industrial 

 wastes. These chemicals increase the harm done by 

 the wastes and affect water supplies by imparting dis- 

 agreeable tastes. However, the effect of these chem- 

 icals on fishes is probably not extended over a greater 

 area than is the detectable pollution. 



Lorain 



The water samples taken at station 47, 2 1/2 

 miles off Lorain, were normal throughout the 

 summer. 



Sandusky 



In order to determine the conditions of the water 

 of Sandusky Harbor, samples were taken in the harbor 

 and in various parts of Sandusky Bay. On July 24, 

 a sample was obtained at the dock of the Cleveland, 



Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad. This 

 sample showed conditions to be normal for this part 

 of the harbor, although an 11-percent difference in 

 oxygen saturation was found between the top and 

 bottom. 



A group of samples was taken in the harbor and 

 bay at Sandusky on August 28. A sample taken at 

 the Chippewa dock showed an oxygen saturation of 

 62 percent, carbon dioxide content of 6. p. p. m. , 

 a pH of 7. 7, chlorides to the extent of 13. 2 p. p. m. , 

 and a turbidity of 60 p. p. m. This sample showed 

 that wastes were being emptied into the harbor by the 

 city. 



A second sample taken at the mouth of Mill 

 Creek, seining station 34, indicated undesirable con- 

 ditions as bad as those found in the harbor. A third 

 sample was taken at the western end of the New York 

 Central Railroad bridge across Sandusky Bay. This was 

 seining station 29 and on the lower bay side of the 

 bridge. The water was almost normal here, the oxy- 

 gen saturation being 86 percent. The turbidity was 

 high, but a high turbidity was found in the water of 

 the bay at all times. 



The water entering the bay from Sandusky River 

 was sampled also. This water was normal, with the 

 exception of high turbidity. While reports of pollu- 

 tion in this river had been made, no indications of 

 such a state were found at the time of sampling. On 

 the basis of the single sample, the only conclusion 

 that can be drawn is that any wastes emptied into the 

 river had been stabilized by the time they reached 

 the bay. However, the potentiality of pollution by 

 beet sugar wastes from Fremont exists in autumn, and 

 from Bucyrus, Fremont, and Tiffin at all times. 



The conditions in Sandusky Harbor are nearly 

 critical, and would be worse in the northern part of 

 the harbor. The wastes of a crayon factory, a paper 

 mill, and other industrial plants are emptied into 

 the bay, the colored wastes of the crayon plant being 

 the most obvious. These colored bodies are inert 

 chemically, but other products released with them 

 may be harmful to aquatic life. Sandusky Bay offers 

 a large volume of water for the dUution, and dis- 

 posal of the wastes, but deposits from these wastes 

 have probably covered a good portion of the harbor. 



121 



