4. A crystalline vitamin supplement 

 had no measurable effect on either growth or 

 survival in the meat- supplemented diets. 



5 . Diets fed at the 27 .5-percent level of 

 protein intake produced fish with higher levels 

 of protein deposition than did diets fed at the 

 25- and 20-percent protein levels. Protein 

 utilization factors did not differ significantly 

 between comparable 2 7. 5 -percent protein diets 

 and 25-percent protein diets, but the 27.5-per- 

 cent protein diets tended to be less efficient. 



6 . Increasing the energy calorie intake 

 of the fish at all three protein levels signifi - 

 cantly increased the protein deposition without 

 decreasing the protein utilization, and reduced 

 both mortality and the symptoms of hypovita - 

 minosis. A sparing action, at higher caloric 

 intakes, on both the protein and vitamin re- 

 quirements is indicated. 



7 . A protein calorie to energy calorie 

 ratio of 1:1 appears to be optimum at the 20- 

 percent protein level . The optimum protein 

 calorie to energy calorie ratio increased at 

 both 25-percent and 27.5-percent protein 

 levels as the fish increased in age and size . 



A ratio of 1:1 appeared optimum in the 25-per- 

 cent protein diets at 12 weeks, but at the con- 

 clusion of the experiment, a ratio of 1:1.35 

 appeared to be superior. Similarly at the 

 27.5-percent level of protein intake, a ratio 

 of 1:0.8 was optimum at 12 weeks, but a ratio 

 of 1:1 was superior at 24 weeks. Proximate 

 analysis of the fish showed that the percentage 

 of body fat decreased during the last 12 weeks 

 of the experiment, while the percentage of 

 body protein remained essentially the same. 

 A higher energy requirement in the larger fish 

 is indicated. 



8 . Stamina tests of the diet fish at the 

 end of the feeding trials were not conclusive 

 owing to the hypovitaminosis which caused a 

 variable performance within the diets them- 

 selves . 



were unavailable because of loss in the water 

 or an antagonistic effect within the diet. 



10. Gains, protein deposition, protein 

 utilization , performance , and general condition 

 of fish fed an all -meal diet were as good as or 

 better than comparable diets fed with meat 

 supplements . 



LITERATURE CITED 



BURROWS, ROGER E., LESLIE A. ROBINSON, 

 and DAVID D. PALMER. 



1951. Tests of hatchery foods for blueback 

 salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) 1944-1948. 

 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special 

 Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 59, 39p. 



BURROWS, ROGER E., DAVID D. PALMER, 

 H. WILLIAM NEWMAN, and ROBERT L, 

 AZEVEDO. 



1952 . Tests of hatchery foods for salmon 

 1951. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

 Special Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 

 86. 22p. 



COMBS, BOBBY D. , WILTON W. HEINEMANN, 

 ROGER E. BURROWS, ALLAN E. THOMAS, 

 and LAURIE G. FOWLER. 



1962. Protein and calorie levels of meat- 

 meal, vitamin -supplemented salmon diets. 

 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special 

 Scientific Report--Fisheries No. 432. 7p. 



HALVE R, JOHN E. 



1957. Nutrition of salmonoid fishes. III. 

 The water-soluble vitamin requirement 

 of Chinook salmon. Journal of Nutrition, 

 vol. 62, No. 2 Oune), p. 225-243. 



PHILLIPS, ARTHUR M., JR. and DONALD R. 



BROCKWAY. 



1959. Dietary calories and the production of 

 trout in hatcheries. The Progressive Fish- 

 Culturist, vol. 21, No. 1 (January), p. 3-16. 



Nutritional deficiency determination by 

 means of vitamin injection indicated either 

 that the fish were receiving an insufficient 

 supply of vitamins or that the vitamins supplied 



12 



