similar to those found during summer and are 

 considered a relatively permanent feature in 

 this region. The low values reflect a vertical 

 movement of Deep Water and are considered 

 to force nekton populations in the northern 

 areas into the surface layer. A similar rising 

 of the isolines occurs in the north equatorial 

 region resulting in convex or "bowllike" stra- 

 tum in the North Pacific. 



SUMMARY 



Good evidence was obtained of a significant 

 westward velocity and transport in the Alaskan 

 Stream southward of the Aleutian Islands 

 and Alaska Peninsula as far westward as 

 long. 175° W. Upwelling through the halocline 

 was not evidenced south of the Aleutian Islands 

 at long. 175° W., but it is suggested that, 

 in years when the flow of the Alaskan Stream 

 is not so pronounced, such a condition could 

 occur. It does not appear that the temperature- 

 minimum stratum south of the Alaskan Stream 

 at 150 to 200 meters could have been formed 

 locally, and, therefore, the stratum must be 

 the result of advection from the western 

 Subarctic. 



The positions of the subsurface temperature 

 front at lat. 46° N. and the surface salinity 

 front at lat. 42° N. in the central North Pacific 

 revealed by analysis of summer data remained 

 the same. This indicates that no seasonal 

 shift of water masses occurs northward of the 

 Subtropic boundary, and the dominant changes 

 in the surface layer are the result of differen- 

 tial latitudinal heating and cooling rather than 

 advection. 



Further results of this cruise will be forth- 

 coming in reports and bulletins of INPFC. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



LITERATURE CITED 



DEFANT, ALBERT. 



1961. Physical oceanography (Volume I). 

 Pergamon Press, London, 729 p. 



DODIMEAD, A. J. 



1961. Some features of the upper zone of 

 the Sub-Arctic Pacific Ocean. Inter- 

 national North Pacific Fisheries Com- 

 mission Bulletin No. 3, Vancouver, 

 Canada, 24 p. 



DODIMEAD, A. J., and F. FAVORITE. 



1961. Oceanographic atlas of the Pacific 

 Subarctic Region, summer 1958. Fish- 

 eries Research Board of Canada, Pa- 

 cific Oceanographic Group, Nanaimo, 

 B.C., MS Report Series (Oceanographic 

 and Limnological) No. 92, 6 p., 40 figs. 



DODIMEAD, A. J., K. B. ABBOTT-SMITH, and 

 H. J. HOLLISTER. 



1960. Oceanographic data record. North 

 Pacific Survey, January 12 to February 

 10, 1960. Fisheries Research Board of 

 Canada, Pacific Oceanographic Group, 

 Nanaimo, B.C., MS Report Series 

 (Oceanographic and Limnological) No. 

 63, 136 p. 



DOE, L. A. E. 



1955. Offshore waters of the Canadian Pa- 

 cific Coast. Journal of the Fisheries 

 Research Boardof Canada, vol. 12, no. 1, 

 12(1), p. 1-34. 



FAVORITE, FELIX, RICHARD J. CALLAWAY, 

 and JAMES F. HEBARD. 



1961. North Paciiic and Bering Sea ocean- 

 ography, 1959. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

 Service, Special Scientific Report — 

 Fisheries No. 377, 212 p. 



The assistance and cooperation of James E. 

 Mason, Captain Erling Jacobson, Chief Engi- 

 neer William Peck, Magnus Landro, and Rudolf 

 Jenssen during continuously difficult weather 

 conditions materially contributed to the suc- 

 cess of the program and are gratefully ac- 

 knowledged. 



FAVORITE, FELIX, and MITCHELL G. HANA- 

 VAN. 

 1963. Oceanographic conditions and salmon 

 distribution south of the Alaska Penin- 

 sula and Aleutian Islands, 1956. Inter- 

 national North Pacific Fisheries Com- 

 mission, Bulletin No. 11, p. 57-72. 



15 



