Protection and indemnity insurance : a larce crew, usually- 

 associated vith a large vessel which may sometimes be well built, 

 equipped and maxined; a vessel not captained by the o\mer or vfhose 

 captain has no interest or only partial interest in the vessel's 

 ownership, or whose owner operates many vessels; lack of personal 

 or fsjnily ties between the owner on tlie one hand the captain and 

 crew on the other; a mortgaged vessel; a vessel engsiged in a lengthy 

 fishing period and in distant fishing grounds; an increasing number 

 of large court awards to crew claims for personaJ. injuries, etc., or 

 rumors about svich an event among operators with large assets; modern 

 business practices accompanied by an understanding of the unlimited 

 liability of the owner in case of civil suit; and the presence of 

 organized labor, bad management- labor relations, guid labor's attitude 

 toward accidents in the vessel's home port (usually port of fishing 

 operations) . 



b. Variables related to the practice of noninsurance . 



Noninsurance for hull : an old vessel; gas screw of main engine; 

 a vessel with wood hull; a small vessel -v^ich may or may not be poorly 

 built, equipped, sind manned; a vessel captained by the owner, or whose 

 owner does not operate any other vessel; a vessel free of mortgage or 

 other burdensome financial indebtedness; a daily boat and a vessel 

 whose fishing period is short; payment of premium nearly or completely 

 eliminates expected profits; premium considered as a mere prepayment 

 of expected losses, or expected insurance benefits considered smaller 

 than prepaid premium; the owner's c\iltural background anteigonistic 

 toward the introduction of modern business practices, accompanied by 

 inability to understand or misinterpretation of insurance principles; 

 customary and trad3.tional ways of running the business related to the 

 owner's background but also to the vessel's home port (usually port of 

 fishing operations); a limited self- insurance plan; liigh insuraxice 

 rates together with the condition of no protection and indemnity 

 without hull insurance; and the owner's attitude unfavorable toward 

 insurance business. 



Nonlnsixrance for protection ajid indemnity : small crew or no 

 crew at all, usually associated -vri-th a small vessel which may or may 

 not be poorly built, equipped, and maxined; a vessel captained by the 

 owner, or whose owner operates no other vessels; personal or family 

 ties between the o-vmer or captain on the one hand ajid crew on the 

 other; short fishing periods and daily trips; payment of premiuia 

 nearly or completely eliminating profits, or expected protection 

 likely to be less than the cost of Insurance; premium considered as 

 a mere prepayment of expected losses; limited assets; attitudes in 

 favor of noninsurance or owner's inability to understand the meaning 

 of insurance protection; absence of organized labor and amicable 



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