Page 



Water temperatures „ 26 



Salinity 26 



Oxygen content 27 



Biological effects of impoundment 27 



Herring 2 7 



Groundfish 29 



Mollusks 29 



Lobsters 29 



Anadromous fishes 30 



Other species 30 



Economic effects of impoundment.... 30 



Primary fishing industry 30 



Secondary fishing industry 32 



Recapitvilation 33 



Summary 37 



Literature cited 39 



FIGURES 



Frontispiece: Two of the vessels used for Passamaquoddy investigations iii 



1. Map showing location of high pool, low pool, filling gates, emptying gates, 



and powerhouse. The Quoddy Region is shown in inset 2 



2. Average annual landings of herring and other species in the Quoddy Region. 



High-pool, low-pool, and outside-area landings are superimposed in their 

 respective positions. 3 



3. Seasonal variations in temperature and salinity of surface and bottom 



waters in the inshore and offshore areas of the Quoddy Region 6 



4. Surface tidal currents in the Quoddy Region showing half- ebb and half-flood 



conditions 7 



5. Total (Canadian and United States) herring landings in the high and low 



pools and in the part of the Quoddy Region outside the proposed dams 9 



6. Comparison of length-frequency distributions of herring samples collected 



in the Passamaquoddy region during the month of September in 1915, 

 1932, 1957, and 1958 11 



7. Major Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine herring groups as determined by 



serological and parasitological methods 12 



8. Movements of herring as shown by tagging. The straight lines connect the 



areas of tagging to points of recovery but do not show lines of travel...... 13 



9. Underwater television camera, and holding cage, used for herring behavior 



experiments 14 



10. Rotating tank used to measure the swimming speeds of herring 15 



11. Spawning areas, distribution and abundance of herring larvae, and surface 



currents in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, during the autumn 16 



12. Relative abundance of plankton inside and outside Passamaquoddy and 



Cobscook Bays. Only forms which constitute food for herring are in- 

 cluded 1 7 



13. Typical Canadian weirs. In the foreground, a simple weir without a parlor. 



In the background, a compound weir with a parlor in which herring are 

 held alive awaiting sale 19 



14. Approximate locations of Canadian and United States herring weirs operated 



in the Quoddy Region in 1957 19 



15. Typical United States stop seine. In the background, note the pocket for 



removing the herring "sardine" catch 21 



16. United States herring carriers 22 



17. A United States sardine cannery 23 



