Some projects within the program were 

 assigned to other organizations. Studies 

 of herring behavior, migrations, length, 

 age, vertebral counts, spawning areas 

 and seasons, distribution of larvae, ex- 

 plorations, and compilations of catch sta- 

 tistics were carried out both at St. 

 Andrews, N. B., and at Boothbay Harbor, 

 Maine, laboratories. Parasitological and 

 serological projects were done at the 

 Boothbay Harbor laboratory; plankton and 

 correlation projects, at the St. Andrews 

 laboratory. Specialists from Canada and 

 the United States were consulted on the 

 biology of other species. A survey of 

 fish-passage needs was carried out by 

 fishery engineers of the Canadian Depart- 

 ment of Fisheries and the United States 

 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. 



The Atlantic Oceanographic Group of 

 the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 

 carried out studies of circulation and dis- 

 tribution of physical properties in the 

 Quoddy Region and an oceanographical 

 and biological reconnaissance of the 

 Kennebecasis area. The study of nontidal 

 drift in the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of 

 Maine was the responsibility of the Woods 

 Hole Oceanographic Institution, which op- 

 erated under a contract with the United 

 States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. 

 The tide and tidal- current project was 

 done jointly by the Atlantic Oceanographic 

 Group and the Hydrographic Service of the 

 Department of Mines and Technical Sur- 

 veys of Canada. 



Economic surveys of herring and lobster 

 fisheries in southern New Brunswick were 

 carried out by the Economics Service of 

 the Department of Fisheries of Canada. 

 The United States Bureau of Commercial 

 Fisheries, assisted by economists from 

 Bowdoin College, made an economic sur- 

 vey of the Maine "sardine" fishery. The 

 Fisheries Research Board of Canada pro- 

 vided assessments of probable effects on 

 other species in the Canadian area. The 

 Maine Department of Sea and Shore Fish- 

 eries, under a United States Bureau of 

 Commercial Fisheries contract, provided 

 a comparable service for the United 

 States. 



REVIEW OF LITERATURE 



Comprehensive and vciluable information 

 on the Passamaquoddy area and its fish- 



eries is contained in the literature. This 

 information was carefully considered, 

 particularly during the planning and final- 

 assessment stages of the present investi- 

 gations. 



One of the earliest systematic oceano- 

 graphic surveys in the Bay of Fundy con- 

 sisted of tidal-current measurements by 

 Dawson (1908). Extensive data have been 

 collected since that made possible a 

 general description of the nontidal cir- 

 culation and the spatial and temporal 

 distribution of temperature and salinity. 

 Copeland (1912), Craigie (1916), Vachon 

 (1918), Hachey (1934b), Watson (1936), 

 and Bailey (1957) dealt with certain ocean- 

 ographic aspects of Passamaquoddy Bay. 

 Studies of oceanographic features of the 

 Bay of Fundy were published by Craigie 

 and Chase (1918), Mavor (1922, 1923), 

 Hachey (1934a, 1935), Watson (1936), Fish 

 and Johnson (1937), McLellan (1951), 

 MacGregor and McLellan (1952), Ketchunn 

 and Keen (1953), and Bailey et al. (1954). 

 Hachey (1957) reviewed oceanographic 

 requirements relative to the sardine 

 fishery in the Passamaquoddy area. 



Studies of the effects of dams on the 

 fisheries of the Passamaquoddy area were 

 first conducted during the late 1920's 

 and early 1930's. In February 1928, Dr. 

 A. G. Huntsman, Director of the Atlantic 

 Biological Station at St. Andrews, N. B., 

 testifying before a Royal Commission on 

 Maritime Fisheries, predicted consider- 

 able damage, particularly to herring, 

 clam, and pollock fisheries. Huntsman 

 (1928) predicted the elimination of the 

 impKDrtant fisheries of Passamaquoddy 

 Bay and serious effects on fisheries of 

 neighboring areas as far away as Digby 

 County in Nova Scotia and along the coast 

 of Maine. 



On June 2, 1928, at a meeting of the 

 North American Council on Fishery In- 

 vestigations, the question of the effects 

 of the Passamaquoddy project on inter- 

 national fisheries was raised, and a reso- 

 lution passed urging the Governments of 

 the two countries to carry out detailed 

 investigations. The International Passa- 

 maquoddy Fisheries Commission was set 

 up in 1931 to carry out necessary studies. 

 Field work was completed during the 

 summer of 1933, and in October of the 

 same year a final report was presented. 



