The conclusions given in the report were 

 as follows: 



The physical effects of the present mixing mechanism 

 appear to be local and although the construction of the dams 

 would influence the hydrographic conditions in the passages, 

 it is not expected that their influence would extend far into 

 or beyond the Outer Quoddy Region. 



The influence of this local mixing on the supply of 

 nutrient salts in the surface layers, where they are avail- 

 able for plant production, is almost entirely confined to the 

 CJuoddy Region. The conditions existing over the greater 

 part of the Bay of Fundy appear to result from other factors, 

 which would not be influenced by the dams. It is not con- 

 sidered that the construction of the dams would have an 

 appreciable effect upon the production of plant life outside 

 the Quoddy Region. 



The rich fishery in the Quoddy Region is not due to a 

 localized abundance of zooplankton. The zooplankton supply 

 which supports the herring population outside of Passama- 

 quoddy Bay in summer (and is found within the bay in 

 winter) is considered to be mainly produced in areas beyond 

 the influence of the Quoddy mixing mechanism and trans- 

 ported passively by ocean circulation into the region. Any 

 influence of the proposed dams upon this supply would 

 probably be insignificant. 



A sure forecast of the effect of the proposed dams on the 

 fishery requires more comprehensive and more detailed 

 knowledge of the biology of the herring than is available at 

 present. The researches do, however, lead to some relevant 

 conclusions. 



The herring population is produced beyond the influence 

 of local mixing and no way has been foreseen by which the 

 dams would render the Outer Quoddy Region or the Bay of 

 Fundy less favorable to the existence of herring arriving 

 from elsewhere. 



The effect upon the availability of herring is likely to be 

 considerable. Many changes in the set of tidal streams may 

 be expected, and probably every little change would have an 

 effect on the fishery of nearby weirs. Some weirs would be 

 made richer, some poorer. It cannot be foretold whether 

 the total effect of disturbance of tidal streams on capture 

 outside of the dams would be deleterious or not. 



There appears little probability of the proposed dams 

 affecting the sardine fishery along the coast of Maine or 

 even seriously at Grand Manan. 



The herring fishery inside of Passamaquoddy Bay would 

 almost certainly be reduced to negligible proportions, 

 (North American Council on Fishery Investigations, Pro- 

 ceedings 1931-1933. No. 2, 1935, pp. 6-7.) 



Other biological investigations in the 

 Bay of Fundy and adjacent areas included 

 studies of herring spawning areas and 

 seasons by Perley (1852), and Bigelow 

 and Schroeder (1953). Graham (1936), 

 and Fish and Johnson (1937) discussed 

 the distribution of herring larvae. Moore 

 (1898), Battle (1935), Battle et al. (1936), 

 and Johnson (1940) described the food and 



feeding habits of herring. Huntsman ( 1934, 

 1952, 1953), Battle et al. (1936), and 

 Graham (1936) considered the influence of 

 environmental conditions on the move- 

 ments and catches of herring. Leim ( 1956) 

 prepared an annotated bibliography of Bay 

 of Fundy herring and Scattergood (1957) 

 published a bibliography of Atlantic and 

 Pacific herring. 



RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS, 

 1957-1958 



The reference from the International 

 Joint Commission specified that an eco- 

 nomic assessment be made of any changes 

 in the fisheries which might result from 

 the proposed tidal power project. Such an 

 assessment depends on a forecast of the 

 probable effects on abundance and avail- 

 ability of fish and other organisms. This, 

 in turn, depends on prediction of changes 

 in the physical environment. Hence, the 

 logical sequence for presenting the re- 

 sults of investigations is (1) oceanography, 

 (2) biology, and (3) economics. 



OCEANOGIiAPHIC STUDIES 



The Quoddy Region and contiguous areas 

 of the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine 

 were studied to determine present cir- 

 culation, tides, distribution of properties, 

 and controlling or relating factors, and to 

 predict changes that may occur if dams 

 are installed. To assess present condi- 

 tions, extensive measurements and ob- 

 servations were made during 1957 and 

 1958, together with data gathered from 

 the region over a period of 50 years 

 prior to 1957. 



Oceanographic features of the Bay of 

 Fundy are determined by tide -producing 

 forces, the earth's rotation, river dis- 

 charge, meteorological conditions, and 

 bottom configuration. Due to strong tidal 

 currents (up to 8 feet per second) vertical 

 mixing proceeds vigorously; hence, sea- 

 sonal fluctuations in temp>erature and 

 salinity are much reduced. Circulation in 

 the main portion of the Bay is anticlock- 

 wise. Inflowing waters hold close to the 

 Nova Scotia coast. Outflowing waters pass 

 along the southeastern coast of Grand 

 Manan, thence along the coast of Maine 

 or across the mouth of the Bay to Nova 

 Scotia. 



