In Tempo 2 (1331) Shusaku Take! In his Gvokan mentioned the saba. gawaira. 

 maguro imBlSS,* ineUka. kihata. mebachl. fei,gnaaL?7 '^^ katsg^ (suHkatsuo. 

 aodakateao , ashikagatauo . uzmragatauo, vokowa ) . 



Later Nobutoshi Okada in his Nippon Dobutsu Sonokuroka, Tasaku Kltahara in Vol. 

 6 of the Suiaan Ch3aa HSkoku. Tsunenobu Pujlta in HioDon Si^-aan Dobuteugaka. and 

 Jordan* Tanaka* and Snider in Vol. 33 of the Journal of the College of Science have 

 given indexes of these fishes, but they do not agree on many points, and since their 

 classifications are baaed mainly on the outtrord fora of the fish, there are maqy 

 unsatisfactory points in their definitions both of genera and of species. 



Scomfaridae' (sabq-kq) 



The body is generally slender and flattened laterally. The dorsinl surface of 

 the head is someidiat flattened. The caudal peduncle is thick and is round in cross- 

 section with no keels at its center. The eye ordinarily has an adipose eyelid. 

 The corselet is not clearly defined, and the scales on the pectoral region are 

 cycloid Just like those on the rest of the body. There are many scales on the 

 opercle, the posterior edge of irtilch is more or less indented. The interopercular 

 bone is covered by the operculum so that it is almost invisible. The mouth is large 

 and the tongue is small. The teeth are small and there is a single row in each Jaw. 

 Teeth are also seen sometimes on the vomer and the palatines. Ibe fins are small 

 and weak, and the rays are articulated both transversely and longitudinally. The 

 first dorsal is slightly separated from the second dorsal. The skeleton is thin 

 and weak. There are from 31 to 33 vertebrae. The neural spine of the first verte- 

 bra is not separate from the centrum. The last vertebra is not fused to the hypural. 

 There are numerous pyloric caeca; they all open directly into the intestine and do 

 not branch. 



The fish of this family attain lengths of about one foot, and generally occur 

 abundantly along the coast and in bays. The genus Scomber shows that this family 

 is close to the Carangidae in that they have adipose eyelids, separate spines in 

 front of the anal fin, and an indentation in the posterior edge of the operculum. 

 On the other hand, through the genus Gramma torcynns. the family is shown to be close 

 to the Cybiidae in lacking adipose eyelids and separate spines anterior to the anal 

 and in having flattened teeth. 



There are three genera in this family, the interrelationships of which are 

 shown below. 



Lateral line is single 



Body spindle-shaped, teeth present on vomer and palatines ... Genus Scomber 

 Body flattened, no teeth on vomer and palatines, gill-rakers very long and 

 numerous ... Genus Rastrelli^er 



Lateral line double Genus Gramma tor cynu a 



Sgosj^ laBSBiSliS (sabffi) 



D. 9 - 12, 12, 5. A. 1, 12 or 13, 5. Vert. U / 17 Gill-rakers 13 / 23 



The body is slender and an air bladder is present. The back is blue-green with 

 many crooked black lines. The species likes warm water and is very widely dis- 

 tributed. It occurs in the Pacific and also, it is said, in the Atlantic. In Japan 

 It is found from the west coast of HokkaidS on the north to the Izu Shichito on the 

 south (the bones of this species have been recognised in the stomachs of fish taken 



-2- 



I 



