In the Ogasawara Is.). It occurs as far south in the Pacific as Australia. The 

 largest specimens are about 2 feet in length and weigh .400 aomiBO [3 pounds 5 ouncfioj, 

 but there are said to be some in the Japan Sea which weigh 6 pounds 10 ounces. 

 They first become sexually matiirc at a length of about lAi inches (a full three 

 years old?), and their spawning season is in I&y and June. They grow rapidly and 

 appear to be oyer 7.2 inches long at tlie end of their first year. They feed on 

 ▼arlous pelagic organisms and also eat small fish. 



There are two varieties of this species. On^^ is called the hirasaba Qflat 

 mackerel3 and the other is called the marusaba [round mackerel) or gomayiba 

 [^sesame mackerel?]. The differences between these t'ro are not marked and there are 

 specimens with all degrees of variation linking them. 



The hirasaba has nine spines in the first dorsal and twelve in the anal besides 

 the separate ones. The body is flattened and its breadth is about equal to the 

 length of the head. The markings on the back are long, crossing the lateral line, 

 and there are no spots visible below the lateral line. The caudal fin is yellow- 

 ish. These fish occur close to shore and do not form large schools. They are said 

 to swim at rather deep levels. They are well- flavored. 



The marusaba has eleven or twelve spine e in the first dorsal and thirteen in 

 the anal besides the separate spines. The body is slender and round in cross-sec= 

 tioD. Its breadth is less than the head length. The markings of the back disappear 

 near the lateral line, and there is a single row of spots along the middle line of 

 the side of the body. Many gray spots are also visible on the belly. These fish 

 are generally found in large schools off shore and are said to swim near the sur= 

 face. Their flavor is not as good as that of the h irasaba . 



In the Atlantic there is another species besides this one which has no air 

 bladder. Its flavor is said to be better than that of this species. 



Rastrelliger chrysozonus ( agifurakiya ) 



D. 10, 12, 6. A. 12, 5. Vert. 13 / 18. 



This is a fish about one foot in length which occurs around Anaml Oshlma. It 

 is distributed from India to the South Seas. 



Cybildae ( sawara- ka) 



The body is generally slender and flattened laterally. The dorsal surface of 

 the head is somewhat rounded and convex. The caudal peduncle has a median keel 

 which is covered with scales. The corselet is fairly distinct, but its scales are 

 not of any special form. The part of the corselet which extends pcsteriorly follows 

 the upper edge of the pectoral fin and then runs ventral to the lateral line. The 

 scales are small and round, and are sometimes hidden under the akin. They are some- 

 times lacking except on the corselet. The lateral line is undulating and sometimes 

 has small branches. The mouth is broad, the posterior edge of the maxillary is round, 

 the teeth are large, compressed, and cusrved. There are villlform teeth on the vomer 

 and palatines, however, the hakatsuo j^ Sarda orientalis ] and the iaomaguro [(ivmno>ard-a 

 Pttda^ have no vomerine teeth. The tongue is broad and large. 



The fins are generally small, particularly the ventrals. The first dorsal is 

 low and long and its spines are weak. The articulated spines are only divided 

 longitudinally, only the ventrals being articulated transversely. The first dorcal 



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