above obtained only a few small goat fish feulloidichthys auriflanmia ) six inches in length, 

 a parrot fish ( Leptoscarus ) 18 inches long, and a spiny lobster ( Panulirus ) of about one 

 poimd in weight. Ve saw several small schools of the anchovy ( Ancuoviella ) used as a bait 

 fish. 



In view of the shortage of protein food the nativts eat all kinds of shell fish avail- 

 able. Most of the shell iish are either eaten raw or roasted. Among their main sources are 

 the trochus, both the commercial species imported by the Japanese and their own smaller 

 native species and Cardium . called kitir and nitchik by the natives, they also eat three 

 species of the giant clam (Tridacna gigas . crocea . elongata) and the kuIs foot ( Hippoppus ) . 

 Practically all of these shells are ruined for commercial purposes by roasting or by muti- 

 lation from cracking in order to get the animal out. 



On June 3 an examination was made of the reefs around rls Island. Probably because 

 of its distance from the main Japanese base on Dublon Island this island has more fish than 

 any of the others in the Truk group. Using spears we obtained several blue parrot fish 

 ( Leptoscarus ) of small size ranging up to ten inches. Ihese were very wild fish and 

 difficutl to approach. There were also a number of schools of sma.ll goat fish six to seven 

 inches in length. Also common were small crevalles (Caranx ignobilis ) about ten inches in 

 length, and the milk fish (Chanos chanos). Unfortunately the reef and the area between reef 

 and shore are very rough around this island and there are no places where either seines or 

 throw nets caui be used. T,e also saw a number of schools of the bciit fish ( Anciioviella 

 p\u:pureus ) which seemed to be plentiful enough to support a moderate commercial fishery 

 except for the difficulty of catching them. There are plenty of spears and the women use 

 the small hand net ( epino ). Training in the use of the spears begins at an early age as 

 we saw a number of boys six to ten years of age using spears in shallow water inside the 

 reef. Red striped crabs ( Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus ) are abundant. ?/e also found 

 three species of the giant clam ( Tridacna gigas , crocea. and elongata ). Ttie so-called mule 

 foot shell ( Hippoppus hippoppus ) is also ab\indant as were trochus, especially the Siaall 

 native type. Oae of the epino nets which we examined had a mesh one-half inch square. 



This island seemed to have more seafood around it than all the others put together. 

 In addition several flocks of birds were working along north pass which generally indicates 

 feeding fish underneath. '.Ve were unable to do any trolling outside ourselves, as the 

 vessel assigned to us was not allowed to go outside the reefs. 



Unlike most of the other islanders, the people at Truk do not use the small decorative 

 shells such as "monkey face" and "gold ringers" to make handicraft items such as headbands, 

 necklaces, and bracelets. A few are used as fastenings on baskets. 



Note on Bonito Industry on Truk 



Although the Japanese produced considerable quantities of dried bonito sticks at Truk, 

 operated a number of boats, and had refrigeration and other shore facilities on Dublon 

 Island, our best information is that natives were very seldcm employed in the industry. 

 Their only employment was that women were used to a limited extent in the processing plants, 

 but in the matter of catching fish the crews were entirely of Okinawans or Japanese. Sampans 

 ranged in size from 40 to 55 feet and carried crews of over 20 men. The fishing was limited 

 by the amount of live bait which could be obtained. Although some fishing was carried on 

 throughout the year, the supply of live bait made it necessary to curtail operations during 

 the period from ilarch through June. The largest catch was, therefore, during the period 

 from July through February. Two types of live bait were used, the first being a small 

 anchovy ( Anchoviella purpurea) one to two inches long called serib u by the natives of Trukj 

 the second species was a small red or pink species, from two to three inches long, called 

 tlribu by Trultose and takabe by the Japanese. As none was obtained, scientific identifi- 

 cation can not be made. (For further reference, see Part II-I Bonito Industry.) 



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