United States Department of the Interior 

 J. A. Krug, Secretary- 

 Fish and Wildlife Service 

 Albert M. Day, Director 



Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 

 No. 1 



EFFECTS OF OIL MIXED WITH CARBONIZED SAND ON AOTTATIC ANIMALS 



By 



Walter A. Chipman and Paul S. Gaits off. 

 Fishery Research Biologists 



CONTENT 



Pago 



Preface 



Introduction 1 



Injury to aquatic life caused by oil. 2 



Amount of carbonized sand reouired to submerge various oils 



on sea water of different salinities 3 



Selection of experimental animals. ..... ......... 5 



Experiments with Tubularia crocea 6 



1* Effect of oil and carbonized sand mixture in standing 



water •••.. • 6 



2* Effect of water extract of crude oil 11 



3« Toxicity of various types of oils and oil and 



carbonised sand mixtures in running sea water .... 11 

 4. Relative toxicity of different types of oil in 



standing water '. 17 



Experiments with barnacles, Balanus balanoides (Ag.) . . . • 17 



Experiments with toadfi sh embryos. Ops anus tau Linn. • • • . . 19 



Experiments with hardshell clams, Venus mercenaria Linn ... 21 



Experiments with oysters, Ostrea virginioa Gm . IT". ... • . 29 



1. Toxicity of oil and of oil and carbonized sand 

 mixtures in standing solutions . 29 



2, Effect of prolonged exposure to crude oil mixed with 

 carbonized sand in running sea water ......... 30 



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