The following lists Include the birds and fishes sighted or caught diirlng the 

 period of observation. The first vernacular names are used In this report. The 

 second, when given, are In common use In Hawaii. Birds are not dealt with speci- 

 fically or as family groups because It was not always possible to Identify them. 



Fish ; 



Yellowfln tuna - ahl - Neothunnus macropterus (Temmlnck and Schlegel) 



Skipjack - aku - Katsuwonus pelamls (Linnaeus) 



Little tunny - kawakawa - Euthynnus" aff Inls (Cantor) 



Wahoo - ono - Acanthocyblum aolandrl (Cuvler) 



Dolphin - mahlmahl - Coryphaena hlppurus (Linnaeus) 



Black marlln - a'u - Makaira mazara (Jordan and Snyder) 



Barracuda - kaku - Sphyraena sp . 



Red snapper - opakapaka - ^trahus sp. 



Rainbow runner - kamanl - felagatli" Elplnnulatus (Quoy and Galmard) 



Needlefish - Belonldae 



Jack - ulua - Caranx sp. 



Birds ; 



Terns - Fam. Sternldae 



Boobies - Fam. Sulldae 



Bos'n birds - Fam. Phaethontldae 



Albatrosses - Fam. Dlomedeldae 



Frigate birds - Fam. Fre^atldae 



Petrels and shearwaters - Fam. Procellarlldae 



VISUAL OBSERVATIONS ON FISH SCHOOLS AND BIRDS 



Birds are considered with fish schools because about 85 percent of all fish 

 schools sighted were acoompeinled by birds, and were located by first sighting the 

 birds. The relation between fish and birds Is probably more apparent In the cen- 

 tral Pacific than along continental shores because the choppy seas characteristic 

 of the subtropical Pacific nearly always preclude sighting a school of fish not 

 accompanied by birds, unless the school Is within a few hundred feet of the vessel. 

 Although the difficulty of sighting blrdless fish schools may tend to overempha- 

 size the association between blixls and fish schools. It has the obvious biological 

 basis that both birds and fish have a common prey, the feeding fish often driving 

 small fish and squid to the surface, where they are easy prey for birds. Thus we 

 consider birds and surface schools together because they are associated in nature 

 and because they are virtually inseparable In our observations. 



Observational Procedure 



For the recording of sightings of birds and fish the wheel watch is provided 

 with a daily log (fig. 1), and is occasionally assisted by someone from the scien- 

 tific party except during llvebait fishing and purse seining, when a scientist is 

 almost constantly on the bridge. Despite the constant effort to systematize the 

 observations, a number of irregularities occur. For exionple, if a fisherman 

 records a fish school near the end of his watch, that same school might be recorded 

 a second time by the man who relieves him. Also, if a fish school or bird flookl/ 

 crosses and recrosses the path of the vessel, that same school or flock might be 

 recorded a number of times. Another difficulty is that the observations are not 

 quantitative. That is, not all of the birds or fish actually in a given range 

 from the vessel are recorded, and the proportion varies among observers and under 

 various sea conditions. Such relative errors were not specifically considered, 

 but their effect was minimized by pooling several days' observations. 



i/ The term "bird flock" refers to a working flock of birds, that is, a 

 group of birds that are feeding or searching for food more or less as a unit. 

 Such aggregations generally consist of 10 or more birds, and may or may not accom- 

 pany a school of fish. The term "fish school" refers only to instances of detect- 

 ing fish in the water, with or without birds. 



