IJorthern anchovies (Engr aulis tnordax ) o These are not as hardy as 

 anchovetaSo They are taken in th-e same places and used in the same 

 manner as California sardines <> 



Salimas (composed of two spe-ries of the family Xenichthyidae ) . 

 They ai-e a hardjr bait, taken oily at the fralapagos Islands and used 

 there o 



Peruvian sardines (Sardinops sag^ i: ) . This bait has characteristics 

 similar to Calif oriiLa sarSineSo 'It is~ taken by the United States fleet 

 only at the Galapagos Islands and used there o 



Other bait varieties not coiTnonly used are as follows s 



Thread herring ( Opis thor-fjna libertate ) . Small thread herring are 

 quite hardy; largo onesy Tiis' sc. l"hey are lAsed when other bait is 

 not readily available. They are found from Lower California to Central 

 America and off the southern coast/ of California » 



Flat-iron herring ( Ilisha f urthi ) » This bait does not survive 

 ivell in bait taiuroo It is used when the fishing grounds are hearby 

 and other baits are not available. It is found f rom L.ower California 

 to Central Americao 



Fonsign Bait Regulations 



Some of the foreign countries which possess bait si^jplies en- 

 force regulations as to the baiting areas (see table 65)o These 

 range from partial and seasonal closures as in Panama to complete 

 prohibition of foreign fishing as iai Peruo Such cIosui^bs, of course, 

 have their effect on the availabilitj^ of bait to American vessels, 

 Mexico, a major source of bait supply;, licenses A'aerican vessels to 

 take bait in her waters without ^oacoiial limitations o As in most 

 fisheries the bait supply in Mexico is subject go temporally natural • 

 fluctuationp but Mexico oonstiti\tes a dependable source of supply at 

 the present tdnieo Panama enforces a seasonal closing in the Gulf of 

 Panama from October 15 to February 15 each year, as well as a 

 permanently closed area in Panama Baj"-, During the closed season, a 

 source of bait for bait boats fishing the highsoas grounds off Peru 

 is lacking. The bait situation for the long range boats is aggra- 

 vated by the fact that Ecuador closed the Gulf of Ga,ayaq\iil in 

 January 19^2 to American boats, thus making this bait location no 

 longer available to Americ&n boata, Disapp8ara.nco of tlio anchovetas 



221 



