proper time by cam mounted within the cage carrying the plungers. 

 Further revolution of the turret discharges the can. The measure 

 box again has the bottom closed by the stationary plate, and the 

 cycle is completed. 



The Carruthers Pak-Shaper, designed for use with solid pack, 

 can also be used for packing chunks and flakes but it is not so satis- 

 factory as machines designed especially for this purpose and is seldom 

 used for anything except solid packing. 



Flakes or Grated Packs 



Fish flakes suitable for jacking as grated tuna are collected 

 during the cleaning operation usually in large pans. They are inspected 

 at the time of cleaning the fish and then are usually spread out in a 

 thin layer on a moving belt where a final inspection eliminates any 

 small pieces of skin, bonej, etc. The fish then passes on to a filling 

 machine. The same type of machine is used for flakes as for the chunk 

 pack. 



It is interesting to note that more inspection is required for the 

 cheaper flake and grated pack than for the chunk or solid packs. In 

 addition to emplojnnait of several sets of inspectors, some plants also 

 utilize magnetic separators to remove any metal objects which may have 

 accidentally dropped into the fish. 



General 



Packing of chunk and flake or grated packs seems to be operating 

 at about maximum possible efficiency. Machine packing of solid pack 

 still allows room for considerable improvement. This is a matter of 

 engineering development, and the industry is working toward this end 

 with maximum dispatch, 



ADDITION OF OIL AND SALT 



All tuna plants now use soya oil. Before the war cottonseed oil 

 was generally used but owing to shortages of this oil, it was discon- 

 tinued and various substitutes including soya oil used. Actually there 

 is little or no difference in results when the different oils are used. 

 Since labels have to be printed in advance indicating which oil is used 

 and since most packers were using soya oil at the end of the war, this 

 type has been standardized on. It is readily available at all times 

 and at prices as low or lower than other types that might be used. 



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