Interviews -were held with officials of the Fish and Wildlife 

 Service #10 have been regularly stationed in foreign countries, 

 and were temporarily available in Washington, D, C.^ as well as 

 with other persons vho were formerly stationed in official capacity 

 in foreign countries and whose knowledge of the interrelation of 

 fisheries and Governments in such countries could advantageously be 

 used for this investigation. In many cases, it was not possible 

 to obtain direct information on the assistance given in foreign 

 countries to the t^ma fisheries, while information was available 

 as to the assistance given to fisheries generally. In such cases, 

 an estimate had to be made as to the relationship, present or 

 potential, of the fisheries as a whole to the tuna fisheries, or 

 vice versa. On the basis of these estimates, sane evaluation of 

 the policies prevailing or to be expected for the tuna fisheries 

 could be made. Specific anphasis was laid on the collection of 

 data Tfrtiich would show the protective tariff duties which are applied 

 in foreign countries in the interest of the tuna industries. About 

 15 tariff specialists of the Department of Commerce, Office of 

 International Trade, were helpful in collecting that datao 



CLASSIFICATION OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF GOVERUMENTAL ASSISTANCE 



In the present investigation, all governmental assistance ex- 

 tended to fishery enterprises classifies into three main categories? 

 (1) Bounties or subsidies, which may be direct or indirect? (2) 

 emergency reliefj and (3) other governmental aid. 



Under bounties and subsidies are listed governmental grants 

 made to fisheries enterprises in connection with the various phases 

 of fisheries operations, and the special privileges which tend to 

 lessen the costs of such activities. Bounties and subsidies are sub- 

 classified ass (1) dir-'-ty and (2) indirect assistance. Under 

 direct assistance are grouped payments by the Government of sums of 

 money to fishermen either in consideration of certain past per- 

 formances, or with a view to defraying a part of the costs of future 

 undertaking?, but, in both cases, upon compliance with specific re- 

 quirements set up by the Government, Such direct bounties and sub- 

 sidies (direct assistance) ares bounties paid to fishermen, or to 

 owners of fishing vessels for engagirg in fishing operations for a 

 specified length of time and bounties paid upon the exportation of 

 fisheries products | subsidies granted for the construction or 

 repair of fishing vessels j other direct subsidies for example, 



,;.v /*oi 



