The above table gives only the tuna catch, but the longline fishery took in addition 

 13,298,061 pounds of spearfishes, giving a combined total for tunas and spearfishes of 

 77, 690,464 pounds. In addition it is estinnated that the shark catch by the longline fishery 

 announts to around 45,485, 000 pounds, so if all of these are included, the catch will be a little 

 less than 124, 050, 000 pounds. 



The hook and line fisheries are, as shown in table 3, divided into the longline fishery 

 and the single line fishery, the latter being further divided into trolling and pole and line fisher- 

 ies. 



1. Trolling 



In trolling a number of lines are paid out fronn the fishing boat with artificial lures or 

 baited hooks attached to their ends. The boat runs back and forth pulling these lines and cap- 

 tures tunas, bonitos, and spearfishes. The use of hooka with artificial lures is like the use of 

 flies in fishing in streams. Various forms of artificial lures are used, depending upon the type 

 of fish sought and the locality. ( Translator's note: figure 4, a sketch of a trolling jig, is 

 omitted. ) 



This is a fishery which is carried on widely, not only in Japan but also in Europe, 

 America, Indonesia, and Micronesia, and every where upon exactly the same principles. The 

 contrivances used in this type of fishing in America are more refined tham those employed in 

 Japsm. Two or three feet ahead of the lure they attach what is called a "teaser. " When the gear 

 is trolled, the teaser appears to be a small animal being pursued by the lure, which is in turn 

 seized by the tuna or skipjack. This is a very rationalized system and is probably advantageous 

 because of the greater visual stimulus to the fish, but it is not known whether or not it improves 

 the catch because there are no data from comparative experiments. It is recorded that the 

 natives in the New Guinea area catch fish by using a kite made of nipa palm leaves to the tail of 

 which a fish hook is attached. 



Throughout Japan the trolling fisheries are just small scale coastal fisheries using 

 small boats. The nnain items in the catch are skipjack, Auxis, Sarda, young tuna, dolphin, and 

 cybiids. However, it is reported that in the times when black tuna occurred in very large 

 nunnbers on the fishing grounds around Tanegashinna and off Hokkaido, a rather large amount of 

 black tuna was taken by this method. Aside from these vessels that specialize in trolling, the 

 longline vessels in nnost cases troll one or two lines on their way to and from the fishing grounds, 



2. Pole and line fisheries 



In these fisheries poles are used to catch fish by hand. The tunas taken by these 

 fisheries are mainly albacore and the young of other species. However, as will be described 

 later, under some circumstances fairly large fish are also taken. 



The number of fishermen varies with the size of the boat, but it runs from 10 to 30 

 or more. The boats have live-wells in which sardines are kept to be used as live bait. When 

 the boats arrive on the fishing ground and a school of tuna is sighted, bait is scattered to con- 

 centrate the fish, which are then caught using either artificial lures or baited hooks. 



The fishing method is exactly like that used in talking skipjack. When the schools 

 consist of large tuna, two fishermen sometimes work together as a team. As figure 5 shows 

 ( Translator's note: figure omitted), the lines from two poles are joined together and attached to 

 a single hook. As this means that the number of hooks is cut in half it might be thought in- 

 efficient, but since even slightly large tuna cannot be easily brought into the boat by the 

 strength of one man, this use of two-man teams actually results in greater efficiency. By this 

 method even large fish of about 30 kg weight can be lifted into the boat with one swing. 



