Manchester Memoirs, Vol. Ixi. (191 6), No. I. 43 



from the Antilles, in igio. Stcnogorgia ceylonensis, Thomson 

 and Henderson, from the Indian Ocean, in 1905; Stenogorgia 

 Kofoidi, by Nutting (1Q09), from the Calif ornian coast, off 

 Point Pmos Lighthouse ; Stenogorgia Siiideri, by Nutting (19 10), 

 from the Siboga Expedition, Station 310-Lat., 8° 30' S. Long., 

 119° 7' 5" E., 7^ metres. Verrill's diagnosis of the genus is 

 as follows: — " Axis horny, branched. Coenenchyme thin, con- 

 sisting chiefly of small, warty fusiform spicula, with a few 

 smaller, short, irregular, rougn, granule-like spicula next the 

 outer surface, but not forming any regular layer. Calicles 

 scattered or two-rowed, more or less prominent, eight-rayed at 

 summit, and filled with spicula, like those of the coenenchyma. 

 Tentacles filled with fusiform spicula and mostly incurved, 

 commonly not retracted within the calicles, but capable of it." 

 Locality, etc. — Pieter Faure, No. 608. Near Roman Rock, 

 Algoa Bay. By dredge. November iith, igo8. 



Family, Gorgoncllidae. 



Yerrucella hicolor. Nutting. 



Plate v., Fig. 6. 



The specimens are yellow, orange yellow, or almost red 

 in colour. The branching is nearly in one plane. The size 

 varies from about 3.2 cm. by 1.5 cm. to 4 cm. by 4.5 cm. The 

 s])ecimens expand at the base into an encrusting part, from 

 which a short main stem ascends, and gives rise to primary 

 branches, mostly m one plane; the primary branches give rise 

 to secondary, and these to tertiaries, but the branching is not 

 quite uniform in different specimens. The main stem is about 

 2 mm. in diameter, and has no polyps. The diameter of the 

 upper branches is about the same as that of the primary stem. 

 The branches usually originate at acute angles. The axis is 

 expanded at the points at which the polyps originate, and 

 when the latter are retracted, as is usually the case in my speci- 

 mens, then the colony has a nodular appearance. The calyces 

 have the shape of low' domes when the polyps are retracted, 

 but are blunt cones when the latter are expanded. The jx)lyps 

 usually originate on two sides, leaving two bare areas, which 

 sometimes show two faint lines on the surface, the third side, 

 however, sometimes has polyps. At the apices of the branches 

 the calyces are closer together, and more thickly distributed 

 on all sides than farther down, where they may be separated 

 by an interval of i mm. ; the branches terminate bluntly. The 

 larger calyces are about i mm. in height and diameter, in some 

 cases the tentacles may be seen as an 8-rayed star projecting 

 above the calyx. The polyps do not appear to originate quite 

 perpendicularly from the branches. The axis, when treated 

 with acid, effervesces very freely, and a white lamellar part is 

 left behind, which consists of a darker coloured central and 



