2 Perry, An Ethnolo^cal Study of War jar e. 



speaks of " perpetual warfare, like the squabbles of a room of 

 quarrelsome children."^ 



Many people still exist on the earth who do not indulge 

 in the "uncomplicated operation of the instinct of pugnacity," 

 or in "perpetual warfare." The negrito tribes of Africa live 

 generally on friendly terms with their neighbours ; they are 

 peaceful, and, when kindly treated, are very useful to their 

 friends. Gifts of food placed by the sides of gardens will 

 result in a strict watch being kept by these small people.^ The 

 Bushmen of Africa, who formerly, with the Negritos, occupied 

 vast areas of the continent, were peaceful i>eople.'^ The Lapps 

 squabble, but do not use the knives which they carry ; the 

 Eskimo, as a rule, are ignorant of warfare.^ Dr. Rivers records 

 that warfare was unknown in the Polynesian islands of Tikopia.^ 

 This was also the case in the Lu Chu islands south of Japan. 

 The natives told the traveller Hall that they knew nothing 

 whatever of warfare, and the sight of a Malay kns caused 

 them great astonishment. ^° The warlike tendencies of New 

 Guinea tribes vary greatly. Many of the peoples of the coast 

 are cannibals, and exhibit extreme ferocity towards their cap- 

 tives. But the British and German expeditions of 1896-8 

 found " intelligent, peaceful, and friendly tribes in the in- 

 terior." Sir W. Macgregor found Papuans on Mt. Scratchley 

 who, " showed themselves amiable and peaceful, and the state 

 of their arms showed that they had not been engaged in any 

 warlike undertaking for years."^^ Similar examples could be 

 found in Indonesia. 



Therefore pacific peoples still exist in various parts of the 

 earth, and it is possible that such peoples once occupied regions 

 where only warlike tribes are now found. For example, the 

 history of Africa shows that the group of peoples of warlike 

 habits, called the Bantu, have swarmed over much of southern, 

 western and eastern Africa, enslaving and exterminating weakex 

 tribes, and driving others in front of them. 



It is curious that those tracts of the earth which are least 

 touched by outside influences, central New Guinea, Greenland, 

 and elsewhere, should be inhabited by unwarlike peoples. 

 This distribution can be explained by the pressure exerted by 

 warlike peoples, but it causes a definite question to be put : — 

 How is it that some peoples are warlike, while others are pacific ? 

 Why should branches of the same people differ in their pug- 

 nacity ? Why should Papuans of central New Guinea be 

 peaceful, while their kinsmen of the coast are truculent and 



5. Ibid. 



6. Keane, "Man, Past and Present," p. 117, c.s. 



7. Haddon, " Races of Man," p. 32. 



8. Letourneau, "Sociology," p. iqq; Joyce. "Handbook to the 

 ethnographical Collections (British Museum), p. 248. 



0. "History of Melanesian Society," Cambridge, ]gi4 I., 32Q. 



10. Letourneau, loc. cif. 



11. Keane, pp. 132-4. 



