8 Perry, An EtJinologkal Study of Warfare. 



god, and 20,000 victims were sacrificed annually to the same 

 god.^'^ The ghosts of Mexicans, high and low, went to Mictlan, 

 the underground world ; but warriors and women who died in 

 child-birth went to the sky, and accompanied the sun on his 

 daily journey.^^ The same social hierarchy without the king 

 was found in the states tributary to Mexico. 



Some of the less developed peoples of America had similar 

 social organisations. For example, the Natchez of Louisiana 

 had a solar hierarchy, headed by a great chief called the Sun. 

 Then came a hereditary nobility, whose ghosts, together with 

 those of warriors, went to the sun after death. Human sacri- 

 fices accompanied the funerals of nobles.^^ The social organi- 

 sation of the peoples of the north-west coast of America consists 

 of hereditary chiefs, commoners and slaves. Sun worship is 

 found among some of these tribes, and slaves were formerly 

 sacrificed. ^'^ 



Agreement has not yet been reached with regard to the 

 immigrant nature of the cultural influence which has been re- 

 sponsible for the pre-Columbian civilisations of America, and 

 the battle between opposing views is still being fought. But 

 the similarity between the social constitutions of America and 

 those of Polynesia is striking and suggestive. 



The constitution of the Japanese Empire was similar to 

 those of other warrior peoples. The Alikado is at the head 

 of the State. He is sacred, being descended from Jimmu 

 Tenno, who entered Japan about 600 B.C., Jimmu Tenno l^eing 

 descended from the sun-goddess. The Mikado is the high 

 priest of the national religion. Then came a hereditary nobility, 

 which governed and fought ; then commoners and slaves. 

 Human beings were formerly sacrificed in Japan.^^ 



The caste system of India seems to have developed out 

 during and after the struggles between the Aryan invaders of 

 India and the peoples whom they found there. The chief caste 

 was that of the Brahmans, who were priests; then came the 

 Kshattriyas, rulers and warriors; then Vaisyas or traders, and 

 finally the Sudra, who w^ere the descendants of the captives 

 made by the conquer ors.^^ The Kshattriyas were descended 

 from the sun; Manu, who gave the code of laws, was a Kshat- 

 triya, and so was the Buddha. 



The history of Africa is one of conquest. On the arrival 

 of the Europeans at the Cape of Good Hope, they found only 

 Hottentots and Bushmen. '^° But further to the north, in 



24. Prescott, " Conquest of Mexico," Chap. I. 



25. Brinton, " Myths of the New World," 1806, p. 286. 



26. Tvlor, ''Prim. Cult.," II., pp. 69, <S8 ; Letourneau, np. cit., p. 

 475- 



27. Joyce, of. cit.., pp. 261-2. 



28. Keane, of. cit., p. 308, e.s.[ Letourneau, " L'evolution de 

 I'csclavage," Paris, 1897, p. 242, c.s. 



2g. A. A. Macdonnell, " Imperial Gazetteer of India, The Indian 

 Empire,'' vol. II., p. 220. 



30. Haddon, " Races of Man," London, p. 32. 



