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by Pasteur in Chicken Cholera. The Bacilli were also rod- 

 shaped, but longer than the Bacteria, and showed more 

 signs of organization. Their life-history had been observed : 

 First, the rod broke up into spores, kept together by pro- 

 toplasm ; the spores were very difficult to kill. When culti- 

 vated in a favourable medium, the spore elongated into a 

 thread which divided into segments, each of which broke 

 up again into spores which grew into fresh Bacilli. The 

 Bacilli were very variable in their action under the different 

 staining processes, and owing to this some of them could 

 readily be detected by their taking a different stain to the 

 containing medium. They had been found in cases of 

 Splenic fever, Consumption, Typhoid fever, Glanders, Lep- 

 rosy, and Cholera. The Spirilla were wavy thread-like 

 organisms showing flagella in some states, and not staining 

 readily. They had been found in the saliva, round the 

 teeth, and in the ear. 



With reference to the connection of these organisms with 

 disease. Dr. Dreschfeld said that in order to be justified in 

 concluding that the organism was the cause of the disease 

 it must fulfil several conditions : — 1st. It must always be 

 present with the disease. 2nd. It must be present from 

 the very first. 3rd. It must be capable of cultivation in a 

 suitable medium. 4th. The cultivated organism must pro- 

 duce the original disease when inoculated into an animal 

 of the same species as that from which it was derived. For 

 obvious reasons it was exceedingly difficult to conduct 

 experiments of this nature, but it had been done in the 

 cases of Chicken Cholera and Splenic fever. Dr. Dreschfeld 

 exhibited preparations showing the Micrococci of Erysipelas, 

 the Bacteria of Chicken Cholera, the Bacilli of Splenic fever, 

 Consumption, and Leprosy, and others of the micro-organ- 

 isms which he had described. 



