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dations of the germ theory; his researches on the " maladies" 

 of beer were undertaken with the avowed hope that the 

 impoverishment of France, consequent on the war of 1870, 

 might be alleviated by the establishment of a great national 

 brewing industry, rivalling that of Germany; in the interests 

 of the ruined stock farmers of France, and with the same 

 patriotic motive, he turned his attention to fowl cholera and 

 anthrax; and not less have his later researches on every 

 zymotic disease on which he has been able to lay his hands, 

 and on hydrophobia, been inspired by a philanthropic desire 

 to minister to the happiness of mankind. 



6. — In studying the work of one of the greatest and most 

 successful investigators of this century, it is of scientific 

 importance to recognise all the conditions which have con- 

 tributed to the attainment of such remarkable results ; and 

 the facts noted in the last paragraph really force themselves 

 upon the attention of the student of Pasteur's writings. It 

 is the more desirable that attention should be given to these 

 facts because erroneous impressions concerning Pasteur may 

 retard the progress of science by weakening the influence of 

 his utterances, and the confidence which they merit. There 

 is a danger that the animated scenes in the French Academic 

 des Sciences which have occasionally been reported, the tone 

 of some of Koch's criticisms, the charges of dogmatism which 

 have been levelled against Pasteur, and still more the mis- 

 leading statements of those whose judgments are weakened 

 by a more or less morbid and ignorant sentimentality re- 

 specting the lower animals, may give rise to misconceptions 

 of the character of Pasteur. It is worth while, therefore, to 

 say that no reader of Pasteur's own works can rise from 

 their perusal without a strong consciousness that Pasteur is, 

 in an exceptional degree, a single-minded and earnest man. 



7. — The foregoing brief resume of the course of Pasteur's 

 investigations indicates the inquiries into which the accu- 

 mulated mass of work done in connection with the develop- 



