Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xliv. ( 1 899), No. 4. 



IV. Report on the Mollusca of the " Jackson-Harms- 

 worth " Expedition to Franz-Josef Land (1896-97), 

 and of the "Andrew Coats" Cruise (1898) to 

 Kolguev, etc. 



By James Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S., 



AND 



Robert Standen, 



Assistant Keeper, Manchester Museum. 

 Received and read November 28th, iSgg. 



We are indebted to Mr. VV. S. Bruce, the naturalist 

 attached to these two important Arctic expeditions, so 

 successful in their scientific results, for the opportunity of 

 examining and reporting on the large mass of molluscan 

 material obtained, mostly by dredging, and in case of 

 the first, at all events, rendered especially interesting by 

 having been found at a more northerly latitude than any 

 previously reported. These Mollusca were exceedingly 

 carefully collected, and are now catalogued by us under 

 the respective heads of 



(i) From Franz-Josef Land (Lat. 80^—82^ N.). 



(2) „ Kolguev. (Lat. 69^—78° N.). 

 As might be expected, there is hardly anything of actual 

 novelty. So much attention has, during the last half of 

 this nineteenth century, been paid to the natural produc- 

 tions of the polar circle, that it is hardly likely further 

 researches will add much to the list, for, of course, the 

 nearer the actual pole is attained, the less will life flourish. 



With such works of reference before us as those 

 especially, of G. O. Sars, A. Th.von. Middendorf, Hermann 

 Friele, and the more recently published ' Conspectus ' of 



February 2jrd, igoo. 



