Animal Report of the Council. xliii 



Friedel was twice married. In 1856 he married I*2milie 

 Koechiin, by whom he had one son and four daughters. Their 

 union was a very happy one, though not destined to be of long 

 duration, for his wife died in 1871 at Montreux, whither she 

 had gone in hopes of the cure of incipient lung trouble. Paris 

 being at the time besieged by the Germans, Friedel remained in 

 ignorance of his sad loss until the capitulation of the city. In 

 1873 he espoused Louise Combes, daughter of the Director of 

 the Ecole des Mines and a friend of his first wife ; a son was 

 born to them in 1874. 



Amongst the honours conferred on Friedel maybe mentioned 

 the Membership of the Institut (Academie des Sciences) in 1878, 

 the Davy Medal of the Royal Society in 1880, and the degree 

 of D.C.L. of Oxford in 1894. He was elected a foreign 

 member of the Chemical Society in 1876, and an honorary 

 member of this Society in 1892.* 



Peter Waage was born 29th June, 1833, at Flekkefiord, 

 South Norway. He first studied for the medical profession, but 

 on entering the University of Christiania in 1857 he was attracted 

 to the study of chemistry and mineralogy, and in 1858 he won 

 the gold medal of the University for a memoir — "The theory of 

 Radicals of oxygen-acids." Waage continued his chemical studies 

 under Bunsen at Heidelberg, and in 1862 he was appointed 

 Professor of Chemistry at Christiania in succession to Professor 

 A. Strecker. 



His most notable achievements were the series of studies on 

 chemical affinity and the action of mass, carried on in conjunction 

 with his colleague (and brother-in-law). Professor C. M. Guldberg. 

 These studies are classical in chemistry, and have had an immense 

 effect on the modern development of chemical theory. Waage 

 also took an active part in the application of science to economic 

 and sanitary problems. He devised a process for the preparation 

 of fish-meal which was used by Nansen on the " Fram " ; and a 



* P'uUer notices of his life are to be found in Nature, vol. 60, p. 57 ; 

 Ber. Dent. Cheni. Geselt,, Jahrg. 32, pp. 3721-44, with portrait. 



