Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xlvi. (1901), No. % 5 



collections and strata themselves. He was immediately 

 joined by Mr. Evans, then also well-known for his 

 geological knowledge, and for his special familiarity with 

 what are generally classified as stone implements. These 

 gentlemen personally investigated not only the collections 

 but the beds themselves, and extracted implements from 

 the unbroken strata. 



In i860, Mr. Evans read before the >ociety of 

 Antiquaries his great paper " On the occurence of Flint 

 Implements in undisturbed Beds of Gravel, Sand, and 

 Clay." He was familiar with flint implements of great age 

 found in river-gravels in England, namely, in particular, 

 one in an excavation in Gray's Inn Lane, London, so long 

 ago as 171 5 (which is now in the British Museum), and 

 others at Hoxne, and similar instruments found in gravels 

 by himself at Reculvers and from gravels in the valley 

 of the Ouse, near Bedford. All these were by this time 

 well known and reckoned as obviously of human manu- 

 facture. These particular series consist almost exclusively 

 of flatly conical pieces of hard stone with a round head, 

 sometimes of unbroken surface, sometimes chipped, and 

 a long, pointed end carefully shaped by chipping on 

 either side or on both sides and at the points, commonly 

 called axes. 



To these were added, as discoveries proceeded, a 

 flatter, somewhat cake-shaped form, carefully chipped on 

 both sides and on all edges, mostly rudely oval in shape. 



All these generally exhibit, when made of flint, a 

 surface peculiarly glazed, sometimes even patinated, that 

 is to say, exhibiting a certain mineralogical modification 

 of the external surface, and many show signs, moreover, 

 of having been more or less washed about amongst 

 pebbles or sand, in a certain softening of the edges of the 

 chipped portions, and their peculiarly glazed natural polish. 



