Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xlvi. (1902), No. 13. 23 



Hartley? to which he replied, "which Hartley?" 

 "Why, is there more than one Hartley?" said the 

 questioner. " Yes, there is a deal of Hartleys," replied 

 the boy, " there is picture Hartley and shadow Hartley, 

 and there is echo Hartley and there is catch-me-fast 

 Hartley," seizing his own arm very eagerly. Most of 

 us are not sons of eminent philosophers, and so do not 

 become troubled to this extent by questions of personality 

 and identity, but the difficulties of Hartley Coleridge may 

 serve to illustrate the ideas of savages. With the Hurons, 

 the Jesuits say, the soul had different names according to 

 its different functions, e.g., reason, thought, affection. 

 (x., 141.) Over and above this was the difficulty of 

 explaining its nature after death. 



I said just now that there were two feelings in regard 

 to the spirits of the dead — fear of the ghost and desire to 

 maintain the bond of union with the kindred dead. 

 According to the varying intensity of these feelings we 

 find variation of burial practices or funeral rites. There 

 is a wide difference between the negroes of the Niger 

 Delta, who bury their dead under the floor of their huts,* 

 and the Kaffirs, who throw the body out into the bush 

 before the life has well departed. Sanctity, it has been 

 said, is a polar force ; it both attracts and repels. 

 An analogy has been drawn between the treatment of the 

 dead and the treatment of sacrifices.-f- How dispose of the 

 kindred dead ? How dispose of sacrifice ? 



I. Sometimes the whole of the sacrificial victim was 

 eaten. Nothing was left. Similarly, Herodotusj tells us 

 of a tribe who killed and ate up their relatives as they 

 grew old. A less repulsive practice is that of the 



* Cf. Plato, Minos, 315 D, and Classical Review, xi., 33 ff., for discussion 

 of such hut burial in ancient Rome. 



t Robertson Smith, op. cit. pp. 356, 369. 

 X Hdt., i., 216, cf. also iv., 26. 



