MancJiester Memoirs, Vol. Ivii. (19 13), No. T. 3 



of the Red Crag found by Mr. J. Reid Moir and described 

 by Sir E. Ray Lankester demand special treatment. 



ib) The indirect evidence depends on the work of 

 Professor A. Keith and is of the following character : — 



Two remains of man, the authenticity of which is 

 above question, have been found in earl)' pleistocene 

 gravels : Homo heidelbergensis, represented by a lower 

 jaw, from Mauer, near Heidelberg, found in association 

 with a typical early pleistocene fauna (£'/r//M-s- rt'////^/<f/^j', 

 RJiinoceros etruscus and Equiis steiiofiis), and EoantJiropus, 

 found in a high level river gravel at Piltdown, Sussex, 

 associated with a mixed fauna, containing derived Pliocene 

 types. This find consists of a fragmentary skull anu lower 

 jaw, undoubtedly belonging to the same individual. The 

 fact of this association shows conclusively that the human 

 remains are 7iot derived, for if they had been it is incon- 

 ceivable that the two separate parts should have been 

 buried in such close association. The\' are therefore of 

 the same age ms the deposition of the gravel, which is fixed 

 by the occurrence of good implements as being early 

 Pleistocene. 



The series of implements is i)robably too small to 

 allow of definite dating, but Dr. A. Smith Woodward and 

 ]Mr. Charles Dawson, their discoverers, regard I hem as 

 Chellean ; they are, in any case, River Drift. 



These two types are exceedingly primitive, and the 

 later Mousterian t)-pe, Homo Jieandertalensis, could on 

 existing evidence be derived from either of them. 



Two skeletons, the Galley Hill and the Ipswich man, 

 which have recently been examined by Professor A. Keith, 

 are regarded by some authorities as being of approximately 

 the same age — Chellean or Early Acheulean. They 

 represent essentially modern types of men, utterly different 

 from Eoanihropns and Homo heidelhergensis, and the con- 



