C) SUTCLIFFK, Tendencies in Freliistoric Anthropology. 



the Horses with three well-developed toes ; of the deer, 

 hornless, of very small size, with very primitive limbs ; 

 and of the camels and pigs. 



In the succeeding Miocene of France we find an ape 

 Pliopithecus having affinities with the (Sibbons, with a 

 fauna in which true dogs and cats had not appeared ; 

 where the deer had very siinple antlers, like the existing 

 muntjac, the horse still had three well-developed func- 

 tional toes, and the Proboscideans included the primitive 

 Mastodon, Tetrabelodon angiis/idens and Dinotheriuni. 



In the Pliocene, living types of animals make their 

 first appearance in force ; the deer, oxen, antelopes, 

 horses, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, cats, dogs, and bears 

 in, at any rate, the later part of this period, agreeing 

 fairly closely with those now living. 



Section III. 

 Eoliths and Rostro-CauinatiuS. 



The preceding sketch}- account of Tertiary^ mam- 

 malian life will show the complete impossibility of a tool 

 manufacturing ape or man living in the lower Eocene at 

 a time when practically no modern types were even 

 foreshadowed. 



In discussing the evidence of tools as to man's 

 antiquity, two features have to be considered. P^irstly, 

 the evidence as to the age — that is real occurrence in the 

 terraine in which they are said to occur and the actual 

 age of that deposit ; and secondly', the evidence that they 

 are implements. There is a tendency amongst those who 

 work much vvith Eoliths to argue in a circle. They are 

 liable to say that because a stone fits the hand and might 



