14 IvANGE, Bessemer^ Goransson and Alushet. 



" limit of the pressure which could be produced by the 

 "blast-engine, but all with less and less success, and, on the 

 " point of giving up the experiments, I resolved, in spite of 

 ''all advisers, to diminish the pressure and, instead, use a 

 " larger quantity of air. For this purpose we put all the 

 "twelve tuyeres in one line at the bottom of the converter, 

 " and augmented the diameter of them to seven-eighths of an 

 "inch to see what change they would produce. l"he result 

 " was astonishing. The temperature of the fluid steel was 

 "very much raised, the slag came up on the top beautifully, 

 "the ingots turned out perfectly even in temper, free from 

 " slag, and extremely malleable, more so than any iron made 

 "on the old process. The first charge with the converter, 

 "so arranged, was made on the iSth of July, 1858, and 

 "from that date the Bessemer method can be regarded as 

 "started. 



" I sent fifteen tons of ingots to a firm in Shefifield and 

 " fifteen tons to Messrs. Henry Bessemer & Co.'s works at 

 " the same place, and went over to England in September 

 "to have them tried. I found then that Mr. Bessemer had 

 " not succeeded, but had to granulate in water the steel 

 " he got from the converter and afterwards re-melt it in 

 "crucibles. As such a process could not give any profit, 

 " the friends who assisted him were losing all hope of 

 "success, but they all came down to Sheffield to see my 

 " ingots tried before they finally gave up this business. The 

 "other Sheffield firm, thinking it their interest not to forward 

 " theBessemer method, got the whole lot burnt at the wash- 

 " welding, but the fifteen tons hammered and tilted at Alessrs. 

 "Henry Bessemer & Go's works turned out to full satis- 

 " faction after having been tried for knives, scissors, razors, 

 " other tools and plates. 



" The result of these trials has led to the further improve- 

 " ment and to the present extension of the Bessemer process, 

 " for which Mr. Bessemer and others have done much, but 

 " Professor Viktor Eggertz's practical invention to find out the 

 " percentage of carbon in the steel has overcome the greatest 

 " difficulty then remaining. 



" Faithfully yours, 



" G. F. Goransson. 



"Sandvikensjernverks Aktie Bolag, 



" Sandviken, November 6th, 1879." 



The above letter i.s confirmed by reports from Mr. Grill, 

 a Director of the Swedish Jernkontoret to his Board of 



