38 Election of Honorary Members. [Feb. 



the science of Modern Cliemistry in its present position. His discoveries 

 Lave been made in tlie various branches of Pure, Physical, Applied and 

 Analytical Chemistry. By his isolation of the Alcohol Radicals (Ethyl 

 was isolated in 1848), he not only did much to establish the Theory of 

 Radicals on a sound basis, but also from his theoretical reasoning on 

 these bodies, and from other similar researches on the Organo-Metallic 

 bodies, he was able to lay the foundation of the Modern Theory of 

 Atomicity. Indeed Frankland may be said to have been the originator 

 of the doctrine of the saturation capacity of elementary atoms. Short- 

 ly after he had isolated the radicals, he also by his discovery of the 

 Organo-Metallic bodies placed a new and most powerful instrument of 

 research in the hands of Chemists, and was able to utilise this method 

 himself in the discovery of many new substances, and in the determina- 

 tion of the constitution of many classes of compounds. Amongst his many 

 investigations, the synthetical researches on the acids of the fatty or acetic 

 series, on the lactic series, and on the acrylic series, are most valuable. 

 Indeed his researches in these directions were not only most prolific in 

 themselves, but they also pointed the way to the discovery of vast 

 numbers of other new substances in the hands of other Chemists. 



In his researches on Physical Chemistry, he has put forward an 

 entii'ely new theory as to the source of light in luminous flames, and as 

 to the influence of varying atmospheric pressure on combustion. Also 

 in conjunction with Mr. Lockyer, he published many papers, and made 

 many discoveries with reference to the Chemistry and the Physical 

 conditions of the Sun's Atmosphere. 



In Applied and Analytical Chemistry he invented an improved 

 apparatus for tlie analysis of gases, and in the case of water analysis he 

 revolutionized the whole process, and placed it upon a sound basis. As 

 a member of the Rivei^'s Pollution Commission, too, his contributions to 

 our knowledge of methods of treatment of sewage, and foul waste-liquids 

 from factories, &c., which liquids were formerly allowed to pollute the 

 running streams in Great Britain, have been most valuable. 



In addition to the above summary of his work in Chemistry, it may 

 be mentioned that he has contributed largely to our knowledge on such 

 various subjects as " The Source of Muscular Power," " Measurement of 

 Solar Intensity," " The Physical Cause of the Glacial Epoch," &c., &c.. 



Monsieur Louis Pasteur, to whose world-wide reputation — a reputa- 

 tion based as much upon his wonderful biological disco vei-ies as upon his 

 own remarkable application of them for the benefit of mankind — it is 

 almost superfluous to refer. 



Having early achieved the highest distinction as a chemist, and 

 then appi'oaching Biology from the chemical side, M, Pasteur made his 



