ISO'i.J S. C. Uas — Tibelan •hiih a)ul Criynlnal ]'iiuit</i}iient. 5 



Dr. Hocrnle said that he had shown the coin to tlic Head Manlvi 

 of the ]\Iadrasah, who, however, was unable to add anything to Mr. 

 Rodgers' information. 



The following papers wei'e read : — 

 1. TihetcDi Jails and Criminal FunislimoiL — i??/ Ba?,U Sakat Ci[ANr)KA 

 Das, CLE. 



There are two kinds of jails in Tibet called Zang-tson (mild jail) 

 and Tson. The former is prison for light punishment, where the prisoner 

 is provided with, food by the State, or by his friends, and the latter is 

 jail proper where the prisoner is not allowed food from the State. 



A person suspected of a serious crime or caught red-handed ^in its 

 perpetration, is sent up to the lock-up which is in the Tson. or prison. 

 A prisoner suspected of a light guilt is sent to the Zang-iso')i, and there 

 watched as to his manners and movements. He is at first treated kindly, 

 and interrogations put to him in a kind manner by the investigating officer. 

 When tliis state has passed away he is subjected to a mild but minute 



interrogation called Jamti \'^^^'^), his depositions called Shu.-va 



(i|'^') being noted down. In the tliird stage he is subjected to a 



stricter examination called the 2'5/m«-(^i \as'%') harsher interrogation, 

 when at intervals he is whipped in the way of a reminder that he has 

 not been telling the truth, or not confessing his guilt. At first five or six 

 stripes are served on him, and then he is again interrogated by the court 

 about his guilt. He who makes any kind of confession, either truly or 

 falsely, is subjected to a prolonged examination and whipping, which 

 generally terminates in tortures. The greatest importance is attached to 

 oilg's personal confession, evidence being considered of secondary import- 

 ance in a Tibetan court of trial. The prisoner that makes the least 

 confession, however serious the charges against him, may be, is dealt 

 with rather lightly. The prisoner who confesses his guilt but partly and 

 gradually, is subjected to tortures of various kinds. 



Tortures 



At Lhasa nowadays, various Chinese tortures are used, besides the 

 national tortures which though rude are simple in their nature. 



In the first instance the prisoner is ordered to walk kneeling on 

 the floor, which is spread over with small, sharp splintered flint or 



granite. This is called the torture on gravel-bed or l-arkong (S^^'^^') 

 When this does not answer well the court tries the torture called Do-shva 



(^'^' stone cap), in which a heavy block of stone, of the weight of two 

 to three hundred pounds, with a depression made in it to fit the head ot 



