32 FISHES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK 



(e) Not as above. 



X. Ventral fins without a scaly flap at their 

 base. Upper corner of gill -cover 

 (operculum) with one or two more or 

 less obscure flattened spines. 



(x) PseudobranchiiB (gill-like structure 



on the inner face of the gill-cover) 



not well developed, fresh- water. 



Micropteridce 



(y) Pseudobranchiae well developed. 



Marine. 



X.' Eye very large. Color bright red. 



Piiacanthidce. 



y} Body deep, compressed. Eye 



placed far forward near the 



snout. Lohotidce. 



z. Not as above. Serranidce. 



V. Ventral fins with a scaly flap at their base. 



Upper corner of the gill-cover (operculum) 



without spines. 



(x) Teeth in the back of the mouth, flat 



molar-like. Anterior teeth more or 



less incisor-like, sometimes compressed. 



Sparidcp 



(y) Upper jaw capable of being thrust far 



forward. The lower jaw concave. 



Euciiiodomida; 



(z) Not as above. 



x.^ Teeth large, unequal. LutianidiF 



j} Teeth small. Haemididop. 



i\ Two or three separate soft-rayed back fins. 

 No spines anywhere. 



(1) Mouth large, with large teeth. Lower 



jaw projecting. Color silvery. 



Merlucciidfje 



(2) Mouth and teeth comparatively small. 



Color not silvery. Gadidce 



