46 



thic; and 4, brachycephalic-prognathic, can no longer be 

 accepted as scientificall}^ accurate. 



The measurements of Professor Retzius, who introduced 

 this classification, were taken on a level with the glabella in 

 front and the occipital tuberosity behind, i.e., just along the 

 line which the hat takes when placed upon the head, and 

 it is owing to this circumstance that I have been able to 

 take the measurements of hundreds of skulls by employing 

 an instrument used by hatters, which gives the outline of 

 the skull and repeats it in miniature upon a piece of card- 

 board. We can in a moment obtain the actual size of the 

 skull by running a two-inch gauge completely round the 

 miniature. 



Turning to the examples before us, amongst the English 

 skulls we find extreme specimens of dolicocephalism, or 

 longheadedness, extreme specimens of brachycephalism, or 

 broadheadedness, and specimens of every intermediate type 

 e.g., one gives a cephalic index of 75, measuring 8 inches in 

 length by 6 in breadth, while another gives a cephalic index 

 of 881, measuring 7f inches by 6| inches. 



In the German skulls, of which I have tracings, there is 

 not a single example of dolicocephalism, although Retzius 

 classes them as dolicocephalic. 



Of the Danish skulls, both tlie examples shown are dolico- 

 cephalic. 



Of the two Russian skulls, one is brachy cephalic and one 

 dolicocephalic. 



The extremest type of brachycephalism is met ^^th in a 

 Greek skull, which measured 6| by 61 inches, giving a 

 cephalic index of 98 or nearly so. 



The evidence afforded by the Jewish skull is interesting. 

 We have hitherto been dealing with the skulls of nations 

 who freely intermarry with other nations, and whose skulls 

 might in consequence be expected to vary, but thi^ is not 

 the case with the Jew ; yet we meet with long heads and 

 broad heads equally in this race with the others. 



Another point ilUustrated by these tracings is the absence 

 of a bilateral symmetry in human skulls. Though the 



