65 



The circumstance which presses with the greatest weio-ht 

 on the British planters in the West Indies is that branch of 

 the monopoly which, reserving for the manufacturers of 

 Great Britain all such improvements as the colonial produce 

 is capable of receiving beyond its raw state, or first stage of 

 manufacture, prohibits the colonists from refining their 

 great staple commodity, sugar, for exportation. This is 

 effected by a heavy duty of £4. 18s. 8d. the cwt. on all 

 refined or loaf sugar imported, while raw or Muscovado 

 sugar pays only los. the cwt. This difi'erence operates (as 

 it was intended) as a complete prohibition. 



The quantity of raw or Muscovado sugar imported into 

 Great Britain on an average of four years (1787 to 1790) 

 was somewhat more than 140,000 hogsheads of 14 cwt. 

 each at King's Beam. The drainage at sea amounted to 

 280,000 cwts., being in value £500,000 sterling. Such is 

 the loss to the public. And let it be remembered that this 

 loss is not merely contingent or possible, but plain, positive, 

 and certain ; it being undeniably true that 280,000 cwt., or 

 14,000 tons of sugar were sunk in the sea in the transporta- 

 tion of 140,000 hogsheads of the raw commodity as that 

 this number was imported into Great Britain; and it is 

 equally certain that every ounce of it would have been 

 saved if the planters had been permitted to refine the com- 

 modity in the colonies. The consequent loss to the revenue 

 is easily calculated : 64 gallons of molasses will produce 

 40 gallons of rum Jamaica proof. 



" On the Inverse or Inductive Logical Problem," by Pro- 

 fessor W. S. Jevons, M.A. 



Logical deduction consists in ascertaining from a law or 

 lav/s the combinations of qualities which may exist under 

 those conditions. The natural law that all metals are con- 

 ductors of electricity really means that in nature we may 

 find three classes of objects, namely, 



