232 THE HORSE 



together ; and hence, although the weight of pure carbonic-acid gas is so 

 great that it may be poured from one glass into another, yet, as it is given 

 gradually off by the lungs, it does not remain separate, but mixes with the 

 bulk of air in the stable, and is carried off with it. For this reason, there 

 is not the slightest necessity to admit the fresh air near the bottom of the 

 stable, as is sometimes contended for. If it is attempted, nothing can 

 prevent a draught falling upon the bodies of the horses when they are lying 



'• -',1 



GLAZED VENTILATOR 



down, and they inevitably catch cold. If the upper regions are kept pure, 

 the whole air soon mixes; and thus, when the openings are fixed near the 

 ceiling, as I have described, all the good which is wanted from them is 

 obtained without any risk of draught. 



But failing inlet and outlet tubes from any cause, a hopper ventilator, 

 like the above, which may be glazed to act as a window also, should be 

 fixed in the head wall, or in either of the side walls, near the head. 



These may be opened and shut by means of a cord, or by a self-regulating 

 slide invented by the St. Pancras Iron Works Company, which cannot be 

 moved by the wind. 



STABLE FITTINGS 



Under this head may be included all the internal additions which are 

 made to the walls in the shape of partitions between the stalls, mangers, 

 racks, etc. It will therefore be necessary to consider each of these subjects 

 separately. 



There are two modes of separating stalls from each other ; that most 

 commonly adopted in private stables being the travis, whilst in cavalry and 

 cab stables the hanging bail is used for the sake of economy of money and 

 space. The latter being considerably cheaper than the former, I shall 

 describe it first. All that is necessary is a strong pole of ash, oak, or elm, 

 which is fixed about 3 ft. from the ground between the horses, one end 

 being attached to the manger by a strong iron hook and eye, and the other 

 being either suspended from the ceiling by a chain, or attached to a post, 

 reaching from the ground to the ceiling in such a way that, if the horse gets 



