72 Address. [Fkr. 



Pannoba. The main feature in this report, of interest to geologists in 

 Europe, is his discussion of the possible connexion of the Safed Koh with 

 the Hindu Kush system. He goes entirely against Prof. Waagen's ex- 

 tended interpretation of the views of Prof. Suess, as given in the former 

 author's latest fasciculus of the Salt-Range Fossils (Palceo?itologiea Indica 

 Series XIII, Vol. IV, Part 2, Geological Results) ; concluding that the 

 Safed Koh is distinctly not part of the Hindu Kush system. Orogra- 

 phically speaking', it differs in strike ; and structurally it is not ana- 

 logous to the latter. The Hindu Kush contains, within its flexures, 

 a series of marine miocene beds which take part in all the contortions 

 and flexures which have affected the older rocks ; it therefore dates in 

 its entirety from post-miocene times. On the other hand, within the Safed 

 Koh system there is no marine formation interposed between the later 

 nummulitics (Murree series) and the Sivaliks. The elevation of this 

 area was therefore finished, or at all events sufficiently so to form dry 

 land, in miocene times, together with the gi'ound north-east of it in the 

 Himalayan system. The petroleum shows at Pannoba in Kohat are 

 extremely poor ; and Mr. Griesbach's examination of them does not 

 lead to any prospect of improvement by drilling. 



In mineral exploration, the work of the Survey may be summarised 

 as follows : complete localisation of the important gold tracts in southern 

 India ; recognition of indications suggestive of the possible existence of 

 lower Gondwana coal-measures under the Sripermatur group near 

 Madras ; examination by boring of the Daltongunj coal-field in Bengal ; 

 completion of the Darjiling coal survey ; a fairly promising survey of the 

 copper occurrences in Sikkim ; renewed examination of the Garo hills 

 coal ; coal and oil exploration in Baluchistan and the south-east slope 

 of the Takht-i-Suleiman on the Punjab frontier; and continuation of 

 the Mergui tin exploration with very favourable results. 



The Survey of India Department tinder Colonel Thuillier, R. e., 



again has a good record of geographical re- 

 Survey 01 India ue- conna i S sance, the total area of new country 

 partment. ' ,-,..,« 



mapped on various scales during the Survey 



year 1890-91 amounting to no less than 103,426 square miles. This area 

 includes portions of Persia, Baluchistan, the North -Western Frontier of 

 India, and Upper Burma, and is exclusive of the area surveyed by the 

 topographical and revenue parties of the department. 



Upper Bar ma. — Four columns operated on the Frontiers of Upper 



Burma during the season 1890-91, and were all 

 plorTtfonf&'surye^ accompanied by survey detachments. That 



under Lt. Elliott proceeded from Bhamo along 

 the right bank of the Irrawaddy to the confluence of its two main branches, 



