186 L. A. Waddell— Note on the l Ma-gu-ta' Stupa. [Dec. 



old Jaina aiid Saivic Hindu images of laterite and basalt enshrined in 

 buildings of great carved laterite blocks rudely piled together, and 

 evidently survivals of the wreck of former temples, thus preserved by 

 the inhabitants of these decayed villages. I had no leisure to explore 

 the neighbourhood, but a careful search through the adjoining villages 

 on both banks of the rivers would doubtless reveal numerous other 

 remains and traces of the Buddhist convents which were in its neigh- 

 bourhood. I was informed that many carved stones exist in the ad- 

 joining villages of Samitunga, Santpur, Santolo, Bandapur — one to two 

 miles to the south of Nendra. 



The modern restoration of Hiuen Tsiang's phonetic transcription 

 of the name of this port, as adopted by Julien, and followed by sub- 

 sequent writers, viz., ' Charitra ' is thus doubtfully correct. The original 

 name seems more nearly to resemble or be identical with the still current 

 name — ' Chitratola.' Most of the Orissan place-names of a Sanskritic 

 origin are found to have preserved their medieval form remai^kably well. 

 The pargana or parish between this site and the present seabord is 

 called ' Chhedra Kila' in the old Muhammadan maps. And the rela- 

 tively recent formation of this part of the delta is well seen in the ad- 

 joining parganas which are named Sulcnai or ' the dry,' and Nayakhand 

 or ' the new tract.' 



This identification is of considerable geological interest, as it 

 affords data for estimating the rate of the process of deltaic land-form- 

 ation within the past 1,250 years. 



3. Note on the ' Ma-gu-ta ' or Cha-kuno ktia-siiar Stupa — a celebrated 



place of Lamaist pilgrimage in Nepal. — By L. A. Waddell, 



M. B., M. R. A. S. 



One of the celebrated places of Lamaist pilgrimage, outside Tibet, 

 is the Ghd l -rung kha-shar Chho-rten, about two miles to the north-east of 

 Khatmandu. Immense numbers of Tibetans, both lamas and laity, visit 

 the place every winter and encamp in the surrounding field for making 

 their worship and offerings and circumambulating the sacred spot. It is 

 the chief place of lamaist pilgrimage in Nepal, attracting far more 

 votaries than the Sambhunath Stupa, which is not far distant. Its 

 special virtue is reputed to be its power of granting all prayers for 

 worldly wealth, family and everything else ashed for. Dr. Buchanan- 

 Hamilton, in his account of Nepal, written about the beginning of the 

 present century, gives a drawing of the monument, which is of a almost, 

 simple hemispherical form, of the type of the earliest stupas ; and 

 Wright 8 under the title of 'Temple of Bodhnalh ' gives a rough chromo- 



1 Spelt pya. » Nepal, pp. 22, 100. 



