34 Mr. C. F. M. Swynnerton on 



smaller and of a very bright orange-chestnut above ; A. acara 

 (mimicked by dry-season Precis natalensh), A. areca, A. 

 anemosa, and A. natalica are three very large species, the 

 former especially, with a very brilliant red male, and all with 

 bold black markings. A. aglaonka is only as large as 

 A. caldarena, but a brilliant species. 



The Nvmphalinge and Satyrin?e never (in my experience) 

 descend to the depths of unpleasantness displayed by the 

 other twoNymphalid subfamilies, though some are moderately 

 objectionable, and the Nymphalinpe in particular comprise 

 many of our most active, edible, and protectively-coloured 

 butterflies. Of the species mentioned in the following 

 experiments, cebrene, cheUa, and hoopis are three smallish 

 species of Precis, with highly protective undersides and with 

 more or less dark blue on the hind-wing's upper surface (and 

 in cebrene much ochreous yellow), that keep flying on and 

 settling in the path ahead of a walker. Precis natalensis, 

 wet-season form, is a bright salmon-red, rough mimic of au 

 Acrcea, its dry-season (sesamus) form a large black butterfly 

 with much blue on the upper surface. Precis archesia and 

 artaxia are two browner forms, the latter with a "• peacock "' 

 eye on each hind wing and a leaf-like underside. All are 

 ground-settlers and all are wary. Atella plialantlia (foliage- 

 frequenting), Byhlia and Catacroptera cloantha (grass) are 

 bright fulvous-orange insects with black markings above, the 

 last-named butterfly somewhat hairy on the under surface, 

 and the first and the last with much wariness and activity. 

 Hamanumida dcedalus, a ground-settler, is a grey-brown 

 butterfly above with guinea-fowl spotting, and is also active 

 and wary, as is Pyrameis cardui, the well-known " Painted 

 Lady.^' Leptis and Eiirytela hiarhas are small, black, foliage- 

 haunting butterflies with a white band across both wings on 

 each side and a flicking flight. The larger Cliaraxes are 

 very heavy-bodied, strong, fruit-eating butterflies — C. brutus 

 beino- like a large Eurytela hiarhas, black, with a white 

 diao-onal stripe across both fore and hind wing. C. neantlies 

 is a small species, rather Ak'//a-like in coloration, but paler 

 and with tails. 



