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hands and feet, and as their eyes are directed downward they are 

 obliged to lift the overhanging eyebrows when they wish to look 

 upward. The feet are long, and the palms of the hands and soles of 

 the feet are laid flat upon the ground. They are considered the lowest 

 of the Catarrhine, (with nostrils pointed downward), or Old World 

 Monkeys, and as they are generally of large size they are dangerous 

 animals when adult, possessing savage and ugly dispositions. They are 

 gregarious and frequently go in large herds, in some instances of a 

 hundred individuals, and their combined numbers render them for- 

 midable antagonists when disturbed. The canines are very long and 

 pointed, and with them they are capable of inflicting very severe 

 wounds. They utter various sounds, which may be termed barks, 

 grunts, or screams, sometimes subdued low murmurs, and these in their 

 various inflections are instantly comprehended by the other members 

 of the herd, and acted upon at once, whether it may be for flight, 

 pillage or combat. When engaged in any operation considered danger- 

 ous, a sentinel is always posted in some favorable place to give warning 

 of a foe's approach, and enable the depredators to escape. There is 

 much difference in size among the species, and the tails vary con- 

 siderably in length, and are never prehensile. They are carried with a 

 curve at the basal end and away from the body, the remaining portion 

 hanging straight down. All the species possess callosities, or fleshy 

 pads on the buttocks, and sometimes these are of large size and 

 brilliantly colored, the hues usually intensified, especially those of the 

 females, at particular periods. At such times the callosities of a female 

 may increase to such a size as to cover nearly all the hinder parts, and 

 when in this turgid condition, the colors are usually exceedingly vivid. 

 In some species, on the rostrum, are developed several bony ridges 

 which rise nearly to the level of the eyes, most conspicuous in the 

 males, and the skin on these is brightly colored, thus' adding consider- 

 ably to the ugliness of the unattractive countenance. Usually the 

 habitats of these animals are rocky places, such as ravines or hills 

 where grass and trees are scarce. Rocky promontories, or hills where 

 a wide sweep of surrounding plains is afforded, are favorite places, for 

 these baboons are always on the watch, either for an opportunity to 

 commit some depredation on a native's garden or field, or to escape 

 from an approaching danger. Some species, however, live in dense 

 forests, and climb even lofty trees readily. But as a rule they are 

 dwellers in the open country where their view over the land is 

 extensive. The baboon is almost omnivorous, but the principal food 

 consists of fruits, bulbous roots, reptiles and insects, and to procure 



