PAP 10 139 



accord with the size of the body, gives an idea of the animal's 

 dimensions. 



For a considerable period there has been much uncertainty regard- 

 ing the animal Linnasus called Simla cynocephalus. Like many of 

 this Author's descriptions, the one given for this baboon is short and 

 unsatisfactory, and the works which he cites in the brief synonymy 

 give little or no assistance towards the recognition of the animal. 

 Linnsus' description reads as follows : "S. caudata, imberbis flavescens, 

 ore producto, cauda recta, natibus calvis." The only word in this 

 brief diagnosis that gives any clue to the species is the word "flaves- 

 cens," and by it we know it was a 'yellow or yellowish' baboon. The 

 early authors render no help towards an elucidation of the problem, 

 and E. Geoffroy gives but a few words to define his P. cynocephalus, 

 and the specimen he is supposed to have had is not now in the Paris 

 Museum. It was not until F. Cuvier published his plate of C. babuin 

 that Mammalogists generally were able to distinguish the 'yellow 

 baboon' from its relatives in the genus. Some authors confounded it 

 with P. SPHINX (nee Linn.), = P. papio (Desm.), a reddish colored 

 and somewhat smaller animal. 



There is but one species of baboon known which can be termed 

 yellow, and as Linnaeus described his cynocephalus as flavescens. it 

 must have been the same as the one afterwards described as 'babuin,' 

 'thoth,' etc. The other species of Linnaeus' time, afterwards placed in 

 the genus Papio, viz. : sphinx, maimon = S. sphinx Linn., and 

 HAMADRYAS, could Hcver be termed flavescens, and therefore it seems 

 perfectly safe to assume that the Simia cynocephalus Linn., is the 

 same as the yellow baboon which has been renamed by F. Cuvier, and 

 other writers since Cuvier's time. 



The type of P. langheldi is in the Berlin Museum and the following 

 is a description taken from it. 



Color. Hair of back long and coarse. General hue dull olive gray, 

 hairs brown at base, then yellowish gray, then ringed with black and 

 yellow, and tipped with black ; the long coarse hair lighter ; chin grayish 

 white ; legs externally brownish yellow ; hands and feet olive yellow ; 

 under side of body and inner side of limbs silvery gray; tail reddish 

 brown mixed with black. 



Measurements. Total length, 1,470; tail, 570. Skull : total length, 

 192; occipito-nasal length, 190: zygomatic width, 110; interorbital 

 width, 56; median length of nasals, 64; length of upper canines. 40; 

 length of upper tooth row, 51 ; length of mandible, 149 ; length of 

 lower tooth row, 66. Ex type Berlin Museum. 



