146 PAP 10 



patiently until the last of his human rivals had slaked his thirst and 

 that of his cattle. Around, the females were mainly occupied in taking 

 care of the young, the smaller monkeys amusing themselves by gam- 

 bolling about ; occasionally, if a young monkey became too noisy or 

 interfered with the repose of one of his seniors, he 'caught it' in the 

 most unmistakable style and was dismissed with many cuffs, a wiser if 

 not a better Monkey. 



"Cynocephalus hamadryas feeds on small fruits, berries, and seeds, 

 and often on buds of trees, and on young shoots. On the highlands 

 I frequently saw troops of them in the fields, engaged in searching for 

 the 'quentee' the small tubers of Cyperus esculentus, which appeared 

 also to be a great resource of the half starved people in Tigre. 



"This species is rarely ever seen on trees. It appears to avoid 

 woods, and to keep mainly in the open country, preferring, as already 

 mentioned, rocky precipices. Hence its habits differ entirely from 

 those of all the Indian Monkeys which are tree loving animals, and 

 indeed from Monkeys in general. It climbs heavily and clumsily for a 

 Monkey, and when moving quickly on the ground had a steady regular 

 gallop instead of the bounding movements of a Presbytes (P\'ga- 



THRIX). 



"Doubtless the association in such very large herds is in a great 

 measure adopted as a means of defence against its enemies. From 

 their size and great power of jaw the old males are most formidable 

 antagonists, and their boldness in resenting injury is said to be in 

 proportion to their power. Brehm ('Reise nach Habesch,' p. 88) 

 relates an instance of their attacking a Leopard which had carried off 

 one of the herd, and many stories are current in Abyssinia of their 

 attacking men. Mr. Munzinger told me that once he, with one or two 

 companions, were surrounded by a large herd, which barred their 

 path, and were so threatening that he was obliged to shoot one in self- 

 defence. Even then, although they fell back a little, the Monkeys did 

 not run away. 



"I cannot help thinking, however, that these Monkeys rarely attack 

 men, as otherwise some instances would have happened in the expedi- 

 tionary force and I never heard of any. Near the passes the flocks of 

 Cynocephalus soon became wary, as they were frequently fired at. 

 Young animals when captured, quickly became tame and docile, but 

 not so much so as Cercopithecus." 



The Simla cynomolgos Linn., founded upon Hasselquist's Simla 

 (cgyptlaca is doubtless this species, and the name therefore becomes a 

 synonym. 



