186 PITHECUS 



mainland they would be regarded in many instances as geographical 

 races, but now, on account of their insulated habitats may be con- 

 sidered as specifically distinct, subjected as they are to a diflferent envi- 

 ronment, and deprived of all opportunities for contact with near allies. 

 India proper, the nearest abode of the Macaques, considering its size, 

 has comparatively few species. The most common is P. rhesus dis- 

 persed over the northern portion from the Godaveri River to the 

 Himalayas, having been introduced on Jako Hill, Simla. It is found in 

 Nepaul, on the west coast near Bombay, in Guzerat, the Central Prov- 

 inces, Bengal and Northern Circars. In the southern portion from the 

 west coast near Bombay, and on the east, not north of the Godaveri 

 River, thence to Cape Comorin, P. sinicus is found ; and in the south- 

 ern part from the Western Ghats at about 14° N. Lat. to Cape 

 Comorin, P. albibarbatus ranges. In Ceylon, only one species of 

 PiTHECus is met with, P. pileatus, distributed throughout the island. 

 In the Himalaya range as far west as Masuri, from the base of the 

 hills to a considerable elevation, in the Sundabuns, east of Calcutta, 

 also in Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Mishmi Hills, and Upper Burma as 

 far as Bhamo on the Irawady, P. rhesus is replaced by P. assamen- 

 sis, and this species may also penetrate the Laos country, Upper Siam. 

 P. spEciosus has a wide range, and occurs in Upper Assam, Upper 

 Burma, (Cachar), Kakhyen Hills on frontier of Yunnan, (not found 

 in the Irawady Valley), Cochin China, and Borneo. The Pig-tailed 

 Macaque, P. nemestrinus is found in Southern Burma, (Malewun 

 and Bankasun, Davison), Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, 

 Banka, Java, and Borneo. P. irus ranges from Burma, Arakan, and 

 Tenasserim, possibly into the Malay Peninsula. Upper Burma in the 

 Valley of the Irawady, and Arakan contain one more species, P. 

 andamanensis, which has also been introduced into the Andaman 

 Islands. It may possibly go into Siam. Tenasserim also has two more 

 species P. rufescens obtained at Victoria Point, and P. adustus at 

 Champang. In Lower Siam P. capitalis has been procured, and P. 

 FASCicuLARis is found on the Islands Terutau and Lankawi in the 

 Straits of Malacca, and in Sumatra. In the Mergui Archipelago, west 

 of Tenasserim, P. insulanus has been procured on Chance Island, 

 and P. VITUS on Domel, St. Matthew and Sullivan Islands ; and in the 

 Nicobar group, on the Great and Little Nicobar, and Katchal Islands 

 P. UMBROSUS is found. In the islands off the west coast of Sumatra, 

 on Simalur and Lasia Islands P. fuscus was obtained. On Nias Island 

 at Siaba Bay, P. ph.«urus occurs; and on Tuang Ku of the Banyak 

 Islands P. agnatus was taken. Off the east coast of Sumatra on 



