PITH EC us 217 



shorter, and the coloring, especially on the rump and about scrotum, 

 much brighter. The skull, however, diflfers greatly from that of P. 

 RHESUS. The orbital ridge is rounded, (not depressed), and flattened, 

 and consequently there should be an absence of the scowling look so 

 often seen in adults of the Indian species ; another character that 

 instantly attracts the eye is the greater width and lateral swellings 

 of the rostrum of P. rhesus, the Hainan species having a rather long 

 rostrum for its width, and the sides descending rather abruptly from 

 the nasals. The orbits of P. brevicaudus are circular, those of the 

 other species oblong; the braincase of the Hainan Macaque is some- 

 what shorter and more bulging posteriorly, and the palate is deeper 

 and narrower, and the bullae shorter and wider; tooth rows of upper 

 jaw nearly straight and the teeth much smaller ; mastoid width much 

 less, and the mandible has a proportionately greater depth and less 

 expansion at coronoid process. This comparison is made between two 

 skulls of males of about equal age. 



Several specimens of this Macaque were received by the American 

 Museum of Natural History in New York, in a collection from the 

 Island of Hainan. On examining the examples in the Museum I was 

 satisfied of their distinctness from P. rhesus but not having any skulls 

 of that species for comparison I decided not to describe the form at 

 that time, but to wait until a comparison could be made. Dr. Allen 

 selected three, and the Museum forwarded them to me in London, and 

 after comparing these with skins and skulls of P. rhesus in the British 

 Museum, the distinctness of the Hainan Macaque was demonstrated. 



The term brachyurus, having been previously employed for an 

 albino Macaque, possibly for P. nemestrinus, by Hamilton Smith in 

 Jardine Nat. Libr., I, p. 103, pi. I, cannot be retained for the present 

 species and in place of it I propose brevicaudus. 



Mr. Swinhoe states (1. c.) : "About the jungles of Nychow, (S. 

 Hainan), Monkeys were very common. On our landing, abreast of 

 the ship we saw a large party of them on the beach, which at once 

 retired into a grove above high water mark. We watched them 

 running along the boughs of the trees and jumping from branch 

 to branch. The discharge of a fowling piece soon made them 

 scurry away into the thicket ; but every now and again their 

 heads would appear from the higher bushes watching the move- 

 ments of the enemy. At last when they observed that our pres- 

 ence implied actual danger to themselves, they climbed the hills and 

 posted themselves about conspicuous rocks, where they chattered 

 and grunted, out of danger. Their cries were very like those of M. 



