PITHECUS 219 



Cynocephalus silenus (nee Linn.), Wagn., Schreb., Saugth. Suppl., 



V, 1855, p. 62. 

 Pithecus (Macacus) silenus (nee Linn.), Dahlb., Stud. Zool. Fam. 



Reg. Natur., fasc. I, 1856, pp. 106, 119. 

 Vetulus silenus (nee Linn.), Reiehenb., Vollstand. Naturg. Aflien, 



1862, p. 125, pi. XXII, figs. 321-323. 

 Silenus veter Gray, Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit-eating Bats, 



Brit. Mus., 1870, p. 32. 

 Inuus silenus Jerd., Mamm. Ind., 1874, p. 10. 



LION-TAILED MACAQUE. 



Type locality. "Egypt." 



Geogr. Distr. Southern India ; the western Ghats below Goa to 

 Cape Comorin. Not found in Ceylon. 



Genl. Char. Faee surrounded by very long hairs, meeting under 

 the chin forming a kind of ruff ; tail slender, tufted. 



Color. Long hairs about face and on throat between a wood 

 brown and drab gray, entire rest of pelage and tail black. 



Measurements. Total length, 910; tail, 380; foot, 170, (skin). 

 Skull : occipito-nasal length, 96.6 ; Hensel, 84.5 ; zygomatic width, 89.9 ; 

 intertemporal width, 40.8; palatal length, 45.2; median length of 

 nasals, 29.4 ; length of upper molar series, 30.7 ; length of mandible, 

 83.1 ; length of lower molar series, 38.9. 



Considerable confusion has existed regarding the proper name to 

 be given to this species, and Dr. Blanford (1. c.) has shown that the 

 one given by Linnaeus (1. e.) cannot be applied to it. The 12th edition 

 of the Systema Naturae, 1766, has generally been, until comparatively 

 lately, the starting point for nomenclature by Naturalists, and in this 

 work, the Malabar Macaque is certainly not described, for there 

 Linnaeus states his S. silenus has, "caudata barbata nigra, barba nigra 

 prolixa," which does not answer for this species which has not a black 

 beard. In the 10th edition 1758, another description is given for the 

 same animal, "caudata barbata, copore nigra, barba nivea proli.va," 

 which is much nearer the appearance of the monkey called silenus by 

 nearly all the writers. In both editions the first citation is Alp. .•Egypt, 

 242? Linnaeus, as is most probable, never saw a specimen of this 

 monkey, and his description was taken from that of Alpinus which 

 was founded upon a drawing. But Alpinus says his monkey had a 

 black beard, and Linnaeus noticing the discrepancy between his diag- 

 nosis and that of Alpinus cites his work with a query. 



Alpinus gives three figures as described by Blanford, two on plate 

 XX and one on plate XXI. Figure one on the first plate "represents 



